什么时候用 if 不用 whether
if 和whether都可以引导宾语从句,表示"是否",在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。
例如:
I wonder if / whether I can get some money from you.
Ask her whether / if she can come.
但是在有些情况下,whether和if的用法有一定区别。
例如:
1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能。如:
正: Let me know whether you can come or not.
误: Let me know if you can come or not.
2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。如:
正: Whether it is true or not, I can't tell.
误: If it is true or not, I can't tell.
3. whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。如:
正: I don't know whether to accept or refuse.
误: I don't know if to accept or refuse.
4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。如:
正: I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
误: I worry about if I hurt her feelings.
5. whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。如:
正: It was uncertain whether he would come.
误: It was uncertain if he would come.
正: His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.
误: His first question was if Tom had arrived yet.
正: We must consider the question whether we will take these measures.
误: We must consider the question if we will take these measures.
1、whether可置于句首引导主语从句, if 则不能
如:Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known.
2000年奥运会是否会在北京还不得而知。
2、whether可引导表语从句 , if 则不能
如:The question is whether it is not worth doing.
问题是它是否不值得做。
3、whether 可引导同位语从句时, if 则不能
如:The question whether the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.
学生回答是否正确的问题应由老师决定。
4、宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,用whether ,不用 if
如:Whether this is true, I can't say.
我不能说这是不是真的。
5、在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句,而if 则不能
如:Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
成功取决于我们是否付出足够的努力。
6、在动词不定式之前只能用whether , 而if不能
如:Please tell us whether to go or stay here.
请告诉我们是去还是呆在这里。
7、在某些动词(如 discuss ,decide )之后,只能用whether ,而不用 if引导宾语从句
如:We discussed whether we should close the shop. (虚拟语气)
我们讨论了是否应该关闭这家商店。
扩展资料
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”
例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
如果天气晴朗,学生们将去野餐。
if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
他问我昨天是否没来上学。
引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时
例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.
他说话的样子好像他已经知道了一切。