美国移民历史英文版
Referred to as \"ethnic melting pot\" of the United States is a typical immigrant country, the immigration history dates back to 1620 at the earliest. Nearly 400 years, the united nation has bee a mixture posed of more than 100 national and even stands in New York \"the statue of liberty\" and \"immigrants\" from France in 1886 to the United States. Immigrants with their own dreams, travelled to the ideal land, in the United States has set off a few times in the history of immigration. It is no exaggeration to say, it is immigrants contributed to the United States, is the development of the immigration and changed America.
Attract immigrants once America's most important diplomatic mission
At the beginning of the founding of the people in the United States in the United States population of only 3.9 million. In addition to about 760000 black, the rest were almost all white, for the most part and from Western Europe. For fear of the Napoleonic wars in Europe and the domestic employment environment, at the beginning of the founding of the United States government on immigration policy, has formulated some restrictions on immigration policy. Between 1796 and 1815 European immigrants to the United States, on average, only about 3000 people a year.
Napoleon after the war, European regain peace. With a large number of military retired, Europe's increasingly serious unemployment, increasing the number of people immigrate to the United States. At this time, the United States is also due to the need of domestic construction, change the limit immigrants policy. In 1848 after the European revolution, immigrated to the United States is the wave of a wave height. For 1820 years from 1820 to 1920, some 33.5 million immigrants were accepted in the United States, form lasts one hundred years of immigration in the United States.
American historian called it \"the great human migration movement first immigrants a *** occurred from 1820 to 1820, the total number of immigrants during 5 million. Immigrants mainly from Western Europe and northern Europe, of which about 2 million Irish, German, about 1.7 million, there are a large number of sold to African slaves in the United States. At the same time, there are a few in the immigration from Asia, mainly to American gold rush.
The second immigration boom from 1861 to 1861, about 5 million immigrants arrived in the United States. After the civil war, the United States ushered in the peak of industrialization, the demand for labor. In order to attract European immigrants to the United States, in 1864, President Lincoln to lobby congress passed \"encourages foreign immigration act. Secretary of state seward and made a proclamation to diplomats from the United States in Europe, asked them to attract immigrants from Europe as one of the most important diplomatic mission. In order to recruit skilled workers to work in the United States from Europe, some enterprise groups to Europe recruiting. Them in many European newspaper advertising, printing brochures, with European settlers in desire to depict the tempting prospects. Some panies also for willing to immigrate to the United States of Europe provide the necessary money.
The third climax from 1881 to 1881, immigration soared to 23.5 million. Immigration peak is 1907 to 1907. In this stage, the U.S. government legislation for many times, European immigrants, reject Asian immigrants. From north-western Europe countries such as Britain, Germany, Sweden \"old immigrants\" growth is limited, but from Italy, Russia and other countries in southeast Europe \"new immigrants\" is growing rapidly.
Three times after the immigration, the United States in 1920 the total population of more than 100 million for the first time. From 1820 to 1920 in 1820, that the number of immigrants in the population growth in the number of more than 20%.
The fate of the immigrants changed America
These three times in the history of American immigration not only has had a profound influence on the formation of American national character, and makes the United States to rise quickly in a short span of more than one hundred years, replaced Britain as the world's largest economic power, and lays the foundation for later to bee the world's superpower. Can say immigrants made us strong.
In immigration, the United States enjoy privileges, no need for education and training from Europe get tens of thousands of skilled workers. According to statistics, 1871-1892, immigrants from Western Europe and northern Europe, about 23% are skilled workers, they brought in iron and steel, textile and other industrial technology, bee the important technical force of the industrial revolution in the United States.
Was the 7th President of the United States Jackson, known as the \"father\" of American manufacturing after Samuel Slater immigrated to the United States, with its steal the secret of Britain's textile industry, in the United States successfully copied out of the high efficient cotton spinning machine, and established the cotton mills, sounded the horn of the industrial revolution. The father of the telephone inventor Alexander Bell and telegraph Samuel Morse, and others are immigrants or descendants of immigrants. In addition, the Asian countries such as China, Japan and the Philippines immigration has brought agriculture and gardening technology, Italian immigrants in the gas, electricity, water and other municipal construction technology.
In these immigrants, 85% of people aged between 14 and 44, and in the majority with man. When young, these immigrants to the United States of cotton textile industry, mining, construction provides the Labour force. In the eastern U.S. state of tunnels and railway engineering, Irish, German, Italian and the northern europeans. In the early changed American politics and society face \"westward movement\", the role of the China labor also is significant.
In the railway construction as the center, the China labor expense, with blood and life in extremely harsh difficult conditions, successfully pleted the construction of the western Pacific railroad across the United States. Today, along the railway in California can also see a metal plaque inscription, saying \"California, north and south. spirit, flesh with work '. As advocates of recruiting workers Ryan crocker said: \"the railway can finish, largely due to poor and despised the working class -- thanks to their loyal and hardworking.\" It later became a famous \"word history\" in the history of immigration to the United States.
Immigrants in the American civil war to save the union, contributed to the abolition of slavery. Europe after the 1848 revolution, a large number of rich German immigrants came to the United States military experience, these are known as \"1848 person of German immigrants,\" there are a lot of people became a republican and Lincoln's elite. They helped anize the federal troops, defend republican system. One of the most famous is Carl schulz major general. He moved to the United States in 1852 after the defeat of the revolution in Germany, active in the anti-slavery movement. In 1861 he was appointed the U.S. ambassador to the minister to Spain. After the civil war broke out, he volunteered to led the troops in battle, in order to encourage support Lincoln German immigrants, he has to travel between states speech, total travel nearly 40000 km.
Cause of exclusion against the current wave of migrants
In more than 100 years of immigration, immigration had been in one way or the other. As for the U.S. government, its immigration policy is not static. From 1815 to 1882, the United States government shall practise a system of pletely free immigration. But starting in 1882, great changes have taken place in the U.S. immigration policy. Restrictions and excluding immigration law introduced one by one. The regulation of which is strange, like an idiot and milquetoast bans entry. After 1920, the United States over the age of free immigration thoroughly, introduced a quota of restrictive immigration policies.
Because in the contradiction of employment, religious and ethnic problems, the United States during 1880-1920 to xenophobia development. , Japanese, jews, italians and hungarians became the local workers and north-western Europe immigration is wanton rejection and the object of persecution. What's more, in May 1882, congress passed a specifically forbid south China university of technology into the exclusion act of beauty, the bill was abolished until 61 years later. During this period, by the locals and the north-western Europe first immigrants of protestant \"American patriots alliance\", \"the alliance\" and other exclusive anization arises at the historic moment. Among them, the biggest impact of the first of the American association of protection, established in 1887, the association flames everywhere, the political corruption of American society during this period, municipal construction lag, rising crime rates and people's living standards drop is attributed to the arrival of the new immigrants.
After the second world war, with the rationalization of the American public attitude toward immigrants, the contribution of immigrants to the United States gradually acknowledged by most americans. As labor secretary Elaine chao said: \"thanks to the contribution of immigrants to the United States. Huge waves of immigrants to the United States has brought the rich cultural heritage, also provided the impetus to the development of the United States.\"
