《考研英语难句突破300句》39
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2000 Passage 5
17. If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambitions behalf.
「译文」 如果抱负得到高度的重视，那么它的回报——财富、声望、对个人命运的掌握——则必须被认为值得为之做出牺牲。
「析句」 此句包含一个if引导的条件状语从句If ambition is to be well regarded，全句的主语是the rewards of ambition，谓语是must be deemed，而破折号中的词语是插入语，作the rewards的同位语。made on ambition's behalf是 the sacrifices的定语。
「讲词」 distinction在句中意为“声望”。
ambition有“野心，雄心”的意思，但是考虑到“野心”和“雄心”在汉语中的含意不尽相同，一个是负面的表述，一个是正面的表述，因此译成“抱负”比较合适。
worthy of意为“对得起”或“不辜负”。He is a man worthy of our admiration.（他是一个值得我们称赞的人。）Is he worthy of your love?（他值得你爱吗？）
on behalf of意为“为了；代表”。This is a statement issued on behalf of the president.（这是以总统名义发表的声明。）I'd like to offer my congratulations on behalf of my family.（我代表全家向你表示祝贺。）
18. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality,it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired,the educated not least among them.
「译文」 如果抱负的传统具有生命力，那么它就应该受到广泛的推崇，尤其应该受到那些自身得到他人羡慕的人们的高度重视，尤其是其中接受过良好教育的人。
「析句」 本句由两个分句构成。前一个分句包含由if引导的条件状语，主句中的主语it指代the tradition of ambition.后一分句中who are themselves admired修饰 people，the educated not least among them是people的补语。注意people who are themselves admired指“自己也受人仰慕的人”。The educated among them是指为人仰慕的人当中那些接受过良好教育的人。
「讲词」 not least与not least of all意思相同，意为“尤其是”。It pays to know the enemy,not least because at some time you may have the opportunity to turn him into a friend.（了解敌人有好处，尤其是在某个时候你也许有机会把你的敌人变成你的朋友。）Control is critical to any business success,not least of all in China.（控制对于生意的成功是至关重要的，尤其是在中国。）
19. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this,a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them.
「译文」 这其中有着浓厚的虚伪成分，恰如马跑后再关上马厩的门那样，而受过良好教育的人自己正骑在那些马背上。
「析句」 a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped是前面主句的补语，with the educated themselves riding on them是补语中的伴随状语。后句的比喻，即马跑了再关上马厩的门与汉语的成语“亡羊补牢”没有任何关系，它的意思更接近于“掩耳盗铃”。作者在这里批评那些接受过良好教育的人，他们本人有野心或雄心，但却反过来谴责抱负。
「讲词」 hypocrisy意为“虚伪；伪善”。The Open Door policy advocated by the United States is sheer hypocrisy.（美国所倡导的门户开放政策是十足的虚伪表现。）hypocritical是形容词，意为“虚伪的”，hypocrite指虚伪的人。
note意为“口气，口吻；调子；成分”。There is a note of anxiety in her voice.（她的声音里有一点焦急的意思。）
20. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes,European travel,BMWs—the locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.
「译文」 当然，人们现在对成功及其标志的兴趣似乎并未比从前减弱。避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、宝马车——它们的位置、地名和商标可能会改变，但现在对这些东西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前减少。
「析句」 此处出现了两个比较级，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.另外注意句中的双重否定：一是do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly，一是do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.
「讲词」 summer homes指富人在夏天避暑的房子，因此应该译成“避暑别墅”。 name brands指商标。
in demand意为“有需求”。The careers in demand that we have identified all require some level of education.（我们所公布的待聘职位都需要一定的教育程度。） Qualified teachers are in great demand in the rural areas.（农村地区需要大量合格的教师。）
21. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams,as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.
「译文」 现在的情况是人们不能像以前那样轻易而公开地坦陈自己的梦想，惟恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗。
「析句」 what一词指代的是that引导的从句（that people cannot confess fully to their dreams），as easily and openly as once they could作从句的状语。此外 lest引导的是一个带虚拟语气的假设状语从句。
「讲词」 pushing意为“有进取心的,有冲劲的,急切的”。
acquisitive意为“好学的；贪婪的”，例如：The boy was so acquisitive that he seemed interested in learning everything.（男孩很好学，不管学什么他似乎都有兴趣。）In an acquisitive society the form that selfishness predominantly takes is monetary greed.（在一个贪婪的社会里,贪财是自私自利的突出表现形式。）
vulgar意为“粗俗的,庸俗的，下流的”。the technical and vulgar names of an animal species（动物种类的科学名称和通俗名称。）The newly rich like to dispaly their vulgar houses and cars.（新富喜欢炫耀其庸俗的房屋和汽车。）
22. Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles,which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
「译文」 相反我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅，激进图书的出版商在三餐馆就餐，倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者把自己的子女送进私立学校。
「析句」 本句的主句是we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles.非限定性的定语从句（which now more than ever seem in ample supply）修饰spectacles.冒号后面的成分是三个并列的名词性短语，其核心词分别是critic，publisher和 journalist.
spectacles在文中意为“壮观景象”，有一定的反讽意味。
「讲词」 be treated to“被款待，被招待”，例如：She treated herself to a day in the country.（她花了一天时间在乡间游玩。）该词组的意思是to be provided with或to be given,因而，在译成汉语时应该考虑加上合适的动词。
in supply和in demand词义相反，意为“供应”，in ample supply意为“供应充足”。反之，表示“供应短缺”英语是in short supply.
23. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional,the proper formulation is,“Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”
「译文」 对于这样的人，以及更多也许不太出色的人而言，恰当的行为准则是：“不惜一切代价获得成功，但要避免让人看出雄心勃勃。”
「析句」 For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional是句子的状语，主语是the proper formulation，谓语是系动词is，表语是引号里的内容。
「讲词」 formulation意为“配方；公式；简洁的陈述”。在此句中，formulation译成“行为准则”比较合适。
at all costs意为“不惜一切代价”，一个相关的词组是at the cost of（以……为代价），其含义和用法与at the expense of相同。Economic development should not be achieved at the cost of our environment.（经济的发展不能以牺牲我们的环境为代价。）
exceptional表示“例外的, 异常的”。All her children are clever, but the youngest daughter is really exceptional.（她的孩子们都很聪明，但最小的女儿尤为突出。）
24. The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive,where they are not extremely unattractive.
「译文」 对抱负的攻击非常之多，而且观点不尽相同；公开为之辩解的则少之又少，而且并不为人注意，尽管他们并非一点吸引力也没有。
「析句」 此句是用分号隔开的两个并列句。where they are not extremely unattractive是定语从句，从整体上来修饰its public defenders.
「讲词」 angle意为“角度”，这里特指看问题的角度。Personally,though,I am more interested in looking at the issue from another angle.（尽管就我个人而言，我更有兴趣从另外一个角度看待这个问题。）
perspective原意为“透视画法，透视图”，转意为“远景；前途；观点；（认识问题的）角度”。It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the pre-sent.（偶尔回顾过去有助于展望未来。）He tried to explore from the perspective of history the uniqueness of Asia's development.（他试图从历史的角度来探讨亚洲发展的独特性。）
25. This does not mean that ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly professed.
「译文」 这并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了；而只是说明人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地坦承了。
「析句」 这是一个简单句，主干是this does not mean,后面接了3个并列的that从句作mean的宾语。在第三个宾语从句中，it指代ambition，no longer openly honored是插入语，作该从句的状语。that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings意思是that people are no longer stirred and prompted by ambition.
「讲词」 stir的意思是“搅动；轰动”，在句中的意思是“为之所动”或“为之激动”。prompt有“提示；激励”的意思，其在句中的意思与stir相同。profess意为“公开承认”，例如：He professed to despise everything that had happened since 1850.（他自称厌恶自1850年以来发生的一切事情。）profess还可表示“宣誓入教”，即参与某个宗教团体。
17. If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambitions behalf.
「译文」 如果抱负得到高度的重视，那么它的回报——财富、声望、对个人命运的掌握——则必须被认为值得为之做出牺牲。
「析句」 此句包含一个if引导的条件状语从句If ambition is to be well regarded，全句的主语是the rewards of ambition，谓语是must be deemed，而破折号中的词语是插入语，作the rewards的同位语。made on ambition's behalf是 the sacrifices的定语。
「讲词」 distinction在句中意为“声望”。
ambition有“野心，雄心”的意思，但是考虑到“野心”和“雄心”在汉语中的含意不尽相同，一个是负面的表述，一个是正面的表述，因此译成“抱负”比较合适。
worthy of意为“对得起”或“不辜负”。He is a man worthy of our admiration.（他是一个值得我们称赞的人。）Is he worthy of your love?（他值得你爱吗？）
on behalf of意为“为了；代表”。This is a statement issued on behalf of the president.（这是以总统名义发表的声明。）I'd like to offer my congratulations on behalf of my family.（我代表全家向你表示祝贺。）
18. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality,it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired,the educated not least among them.
「译文」 如果抱负的传统具有生命力，那么它就应该受到广泛的推崇，尤其应该受到那些自身得到他人羡慕的人们的高度重视，尤其是其中接受过良好教育的人。
「析句」 本句由两个分句构成。前一个分句包含由if引导的条件状语，主句中的主语it指代the tradition of ambition.后一分句中who are themselves admired修饰 people，the educated not least among them是people的补语。注意people who are themselves admired指“自己也受人仰慕的人”。The educated among them是指为人仰慕的人当中那些接受过良好教育的人。
「讲词」 not least与not least of all意思相同，意为“尤其是”。It pays to know the enemy,not least because at some time you may have the opportunity to turn him into a friend.（了解敌人有好处，尤其是在某个时候你也许有机会把你的敌人变成你的朋友。）Control is critical to any business success,not least of all in China.（控制对于生意的成功是至关重要的，尤其是在中国。）
19. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this,a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them.
「译文」 这其中有着浓厚的虚伪成分，恰如马跑后再关上马厩的门那样，而受过良好教育的人自己正骑在那些马背上。
「析句」 a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped是前面主句的补语，with the educated themselves riding on them是补语中的伴随状语。后句的比喻，即马跑了再关上马厩的门与汉语的成语“亡羊补牢”没有任何关系，它的意思更接近于“掩耳盗铃”。作者在这里批评那些接受过良好教育的人，他们本人有野心或雄心，但却反过来谴责抱负。
「讲词」 hypocrisy意为“虚伪；伪善”。The Open Door policy advocated by the United States is sheer hypocrisy.（美国所倡导的门户开放政策是十足的虚伪表现。）hypocritical是形容词，意为“虚伪的”，hypocrite指虚伪的人。
note意为“口气，口吻；调子；成分”。There is a note of anxiety in her voice.（她的声音里有一点焦急的意思。）
20. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes,European travel,BMWs—the locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.
「译文」 当然，人们现在对成功及其标志的兴趣似乎并未比从前减弱。避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、宝马车——它们的位置、地名和商标可能会改变，但现在对这些东西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前减少。
「析句」 此处出现了两个比较级，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.另外注意句中的双重否定：一是do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly，一是do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.
「讲词」 summer homes指富人在夏天避暑的房子，因此应该译成“避暑别墅”。 name brands指商标。
in demand意为“有需求”。The careers in demand that we have identified all require some level of education.（我们所公布的待聘职位都需要一定的教育程度。） Qualified teachers are in great demand in the rural areas.（农村地区需要大量合格的教师。）
21. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams,as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.
「译文」 现在的情况是人们不能像以前那样轻易而公开地坦陈自己的梦想，惟恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗。
「析句」 what一词指代的是that引导的从句（that people cannot confess fully to their dreams），as easily and openly as once they could作从句的状语。此外 lest引导的是一个带虚拟语气的假设状语从句。
「讲词」 pushing意为“有进取心的,有冲劲的,急切的”。
acquisitive意为“好学的；贪婪的”，例如：The boy was so acquisitive that he seemed interested in learning everything.（男孩很好学，不管学什么他似乎都有兴趣。）In an acquisitive society the form that selfishness predominantly takes is monetary greed.（在一个贪婪的社会里,贪财是自私自利的突出表现形式。）
vulgar意为“粗俗的,庸俗的，下流的”。the technical and vulgar names of an animal species（动物种类的科学名称和通俗名称。）The newly rich like to dispaly their vulgar houses and cars.（新富喜欢炫耀其庸俗的房屋和汽车。）
22. Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles,which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
「译文」 相反我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅，激进图书的出版商在三餐馆就餐，倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者把自己的子女送进私立学校。
「析句」 本句的主句是we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles.非限定性的定语从句（which now more than ever seem in ample supply）修饰spectacles.冒号后面的成分是三个并列的名词性短语，其核心词分别是critic，publisher和 journalist.
spectacles在文中意为“壮观景象”，有一定的反讽意味。
「讲词」 be treated to“被款待，被招待”，例如：She treated herself to a day in the country.（她花了一天时间在乡间游玩。）该词组的意思是to be provided with或to be given,因而，在译成汉语时应该考虑加上合适的动词。
in supply和in demand词义相反，意为“供应”，in ample supply意为“供应充足”。反之，表示“供应短缺”英语是in short supply.
23. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional,the proper formulation is,“Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”
「译文」 对于这样的人，以及更多也许不太出色的人而言，恰当的行为准则是：“不惜一切代价获得成功，但要避免让人看出雄心勃勃。”
「析句」 For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional是句子的状语，主语是the proper formulation，谓语是系动词is，表语是引号里的内容。
「讲词」 formulation意为“配方；公式；简洁的陈述”。在此句中，formulation译成“行为准则”比较合适。
at all costs意为“不惜一切代价”，一个相关的词组是at the cost of（以……为代价），其含义和用法与at the expense of相同。Economic development should not be achieved at the cost of our environment.（经济的发展不能以牺牲我们的环境为代价。）
exceptional表示“例外的, 异常的”。All her children are clever, but the youngest daughter is really exceptional.（她的孩子们都很聪明，但最小的女儿尤为突出。）
24. The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive,where they are not extremely unattractive.
「译文」 对抱负的攻击非常之多，而且观点不尽相同；公开为之辩解的则少之又少，而且并不为人注意，尽管他们并非一点吸引力也没有。
「析句」 此句是用分号隔开的两个并列句。where they are not extremely unattractive是定语从句，从整体上来修饰its public defenders.
「讲词」 angle意为“角度”，这里特指看问题的角度。Personally,though,I am more interested in looking at the issue from another angle.（尽管就我个人而言，我更有兴趣从另外一个角度看待这个问题。）
perspective原意为“透视画法，透视图”，转意为“远景；前途；观点；（认识问题的）角度”。It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the pre-sent.（偶尔回顾过去有助于展望未来。）He tried to explore from the perspective of history the uniqueness of Asia's development.（他试图从历史的角度来探讨亚洲发展的独特性。）
25. This does not mean that ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly professed.
「译文」 这并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了；而只是说明人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地坦承了。
「析句」 这是一个简单句，主干是this does not mean,后面接了3个并列的that从句作mean的宾语。在第三个宾语从句中，it指代ambition，no longer openly honored是插入语，作该从句的状语。that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings意思是that people are no longer stirred and prompted by ambition.
「讲词」 stir的意思是“搅动；轰动”，在句中的意思是“为之所动”或“为之激动”。prompt有“提示；激励”的意思，其在句中的意思与stir相同。profess意为“公开承认”，例如：He professed to despise everything that had happened since 1850.（他自称厌恶自1850年以来发生的一切事情。）profess还可表示“宣誓入教”，即参与某个宗教团体。
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