英语倒装结构详解
在英语的语言实践中，由于语法结构的要求，或是由于修辞的需要，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提到主语之前。我们把这种语序的变化称为“倒装语序”。这样的倒装语序可能使句子的内在含义产生细微的、甚至明显的改变。只有了解引起倒装的原因，才能更准确地理解句子的含义。倒装语序分为完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装(Full Inversion)，又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。部分倒装(Partial Inversion)(又称半倒装句)，指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
考研英语翻译中倒装结构的突破口在于：识别出倒装结构，并判断出主语和谓语，找到句子主干，理清句中各部分的关系。翻译时既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照英语表达顺序翻译。
【真题例句1】
With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.
【解析】
第一个句子主语centralization后面紧跟着第二个句子介绍centralization的内容，为使其保持紧凑，所以将介词短语With economic growth置于句首，第一个句子采用完全倒装结构。正常语序应该是：Centralization has come with economic growth。全句共有3个谓语动词：has come，live和have been abandoned，分号连接了两个独立的句子，所以主句的谓语动词是：has come和live，where引导的定语从句修饰cities。
【参考译文】
随着经济的增长，集中现象到来了;日本1.19亿人口中的76%都住在城市。在城市中，社区和大家庭遭人抛弃，取而代之的是分离的、两代人构成的.家庭。
【真题例句2】
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.
【解析】
句子主语regions还带有一个介词短语of isolated volcanic activity和过去分词短语known to geologists as hot spots作后置定语，使得主语部分较长，为保持句子平衡，将分词短语scattered around the globe置于句首，引起倒装。按照正常语序句子主干应该是：More than 100 small regions … are scattered around the globe。此句为简单句，所以只有1个谓语动词are。
【参考译文】
100多个分离的火山活动的小型区域分布全球各地，地质学家称它们为热点。
延伸阅读：
众所周知，在考研英语阅读文章中，经济类词汇占据了一席之地，并且所占的比重在英语二当中则更大，那么这就意味着在前期的基础阶段，大家要更多的去接触与经济相关的东西。单从理解程度来讲，词汇的重要性更是不言而喻。想要很好的理解文章，就要在词汇层面上对原有的简单单词在经济类现象中的意思了如指掌。下面跨考教育英语教研室为考生列举部分在经济类文章中常见的词汇，单词均为基础词汇，在经济背景下他们又被赋予了新的意思，加以总结与领悟，方能让大家的复习更加轻松和高效!
Benefit 利益，好处
Balance 结余;余款
This year’s profit will balance our previous losses.
Bond 债券，契约
My father put all his money into stock market bonds.
Brisk 生气勃勃的，兴隆的
The public bar was already doing a brisk business.
Budget 预算;做预算
Budget office 预算局 cut down the budget
Cancel 相互抵消 cancel out 抵偿
The losses in our overseas division have cancelled out the profits made in the home market.
Bubble 泡沫，幻影
Bubble economy
Curb 抑制
The government introduced new measures aimed at curbing inflation.
Currency 货币
The Euro will ultimately replace European national currencies.
Decline 下滑
Computer sales declined 6.8 percent this year.
Deficit 赤字，逆差
A budget deficit a trade deficit
Depress 使经济萧条
Several factors combined to depress the Japan’s economy.
Dividend 红利，股息
The company declared a large dividend at the end of the year.
Drastic 严厉的
A drastic reduction in employment
Inflation 通货膨胀
Inflation rate
Issue 发行
Issue shares
Levy 征收税
Levy a tax on firms
Foam 泡沫
Foam economy
Rate 价格，费用
Saving 储蓄，存款;节约的;
Bank savings
Item 物品，商品
You can get its items you want in our supermarket.
Installment 分期付款
Buy goods on the installment plan have become quite popular in recent years.
Merchandise 商品 货物
Monopoly 垄断，专卖
The telecommunication service in the country is a government 没monopoly.
Premium (投保人向保险公司支付的) 保险金;奖金;额外津贴
Insurance premium premium system
Promote 促销，推销
Mr.Miller is going to London to promote his company’s new product.
Refund 退还，偿还
One can return the purchase within 15 days for a full refund.
Turnover 成交量，营业额
Trademark 商标
