Question

求一篇英文文献翻译

Direct writing in three dimensions

The ability to pattern materials in three dimensions is critical for several emerging technologies, including photonics, microfluidics, microelectromechanical systems, and biomaterials. Direct-write assembly allows one to design and rapidly fabricate materials in complex three-dimensional shapes without the need for expensive tooling, dies, or lithographic masks. Here, recent advances in ink and laser writing techniques are reviewed with an emphasis on the push toward finer feature sizes. Opportunities and challenges associated with direct-write assembly are also highlighted.
这是第一段，学渣没办法翻译了求全文的

Answer 1

Direct writing in three dimensions
直接写在三维空间中

The ability to pattern materials in three dimensions is critical for several emerging technologies, including photonics, microfluidics, microelectromechanical systems, and biomaterials. Direct-write assembly allows one to design and rapidly fabricate materials in complex three-dimensional shapes without the need for expensive tooling, dies, or lithographic masks. Here, recent advances in ink and laser writing techniques are reviewed with an emphasis on the push toward finer feature sizes. Opportunities and challenges associated with direct-write assembly are also highlighted.
模式材料在三维空间的能力是至关重要的几个新兴技术,包括光学、微流体、微机电系统和生物材料。直写大会允许快速设计和制造材料在复杂三维形状不需要昂贵的工具、模具、或石印面具。在这里,墨水写作和激光技术的最新进展进行了综述,重点推动更好的特征尺寸。机遇和挑战与直写大会也会高亮显示。