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计算机简介
hardware
The computer system by use of electronic circuits and physical equipment, is almost tangible entities, such as the central processing unit (CPU), storage, an external device (input/output devices, I/O devices) and bus, etc.
1 the memory. Main function is to store programs and data, computer operating procedure is the basis, the data is computer operation. Memory is by memory address decoder, literacy control circuit, the address bus and the data bus. Can directly by the central processor instructions and data of random access memory, disk storage says primarily, magnetic tape, etc big storage called external storage (or auxiliary storage). By the main memory, and the external memory and the corresponding software, computer storage system.
2 CPU's main function is to press exist within the memory of the program execution procedures, specified by the operation. The main part of the central processor are: data registers, instruction decoder instructions registers, and arithmetic logic unit, operating controller, the program counter (instructions address counter), address register, etc.
3 external devices is a bridge between the user and the machine. The task is to input device user requirements of computer data processing, characters, words, graphics and the procedure of various forms of information is converted to accept the deposit to the computer code forms. Output device's mission is to put the computer processing results to the needs of users (such as screen printing, text, graphics, audio etc) diagram output. Input/output interface is external devices and the central processor, between the buffering devices of the electrical properties of matching and information format conversion.
software
Can make computer hardware systems to work effectively and successfully set the floorboard of the program. Program will always come through a physical medium storage and said, they are disks, tapes, procedures, a punch card, but the software does not mean the physical media, but those who see and touch the program itself. Reliable computer hardware like a personal strong physique, effective software as an individual's smart thinking.
Computer software system can be divided into system software and application software. System software is responsible for the entire computer system resources management, scheduling, surveillance and service. Application software refers to various fields of users for their needs and the development of various applications. Computer software system includes:
Operating system: (1) the system software, it is responsible for all computer systems in soft and hard resources management, control and monitoring.
The database management system (2) : responsible for all computer system documents, materials and data management and sharing.
3 the compilation system: be responsible for compiling language users with advanced the source program compiled into the machine can understand and implement machine language.
4 for computer network system: responsible for the system network resources organization and management, in more independent of each other between the computer can perform the resources sharing and communication.
5 standard library: according to a standard format written procedures set, the standard procedures including solve elementary function, linear equations, the differential equation of numerical integration, etc.
6 service program: also called utility. In order to enhance the service function of the computer system and provide all kinds of programs, including the user program of devices, connection, editing, and error correction, diagnosis, etc. In order to make the computer can calculate fast and accurate, and remember, for decades, to improve the treatment of single CPU speed and precision, to improve memory access speed and capacity for many improvements, such as the basic unit: word length and improve precision of the unit, Add new data types of data, or custom, the data that distinguish with symbol, and instruction and data types;, The CPU adding general-purpose registers, increased by address register, indirect addressing function and add cache and adopts the stack technology, Using interleaved memory technology and virtual storage technology, Using command line and operation line, Using multiple functional components and add coprocessor etc.
hardware
The computer system by use of electronic circuits and physical equipment, is almost tangible entities, such as the central processing unit (CPU), storage, an external device (input/output devices, I/O devices) and bus, etc.
1 the memory. Main function is to store programs and data, computer operating procedure is the basis, the data is computer operation. Memory is by memory address decoder, literacy control circuit, the address bus and the data bus. Can directly by the central processor instructions and data of random access memory, disk storage says primarily, magnetic tape, etc big storage called external storage (or auxiliary storage). By the main memory, and the external memory and the corresponding software, computer storage system.
2 CPU's main function is to press exist within the memory of the program execution procedures, specified by the operation. The main part of the central processor are: data registers, instruction decoder instructions registers, and arithmetic logic unit, operating controller, the program counter (instructions address counter), address register, etc.
3 external devices is a bridge between the user and the machine. The task is to input device user requirements of computer data processing, characters, words, graphics and the procedure of various forms of information is converted to accept the deposit to the computer code forms. Output device's mission is to put the computer processing results to the needs of users (such as screen printing, text, graphics, audio etc) diagram output. Input/output interface is external devices and the central processor, between the buffering devices of the electrical properties of matching and information format conversion.
software
Can make computer hardware systems to work effectively and successfully set the floorboard of the program. Program will always come through a physical medium storage and said, they are disks, tapes, procedures, a punch card, but the software does not mean the physical media, but those who see and touch the program itself. Reliable computer hardware like a personal strong physique, effective software as an individual's smart thinking.
Computer software system can be divided into system software and application software. System software is responsible for the entire computer system resources management, scheduling, surveillance and service. Application software refers to various fields of users for their needs and the development of various applications. Computer software system includes:
Operating system: (1) the system software, it is responsible for all computer systems in soft and hard resources management, control and monitoring.
The database management system (2) : responsible for all computer system documents, materials and data management and sharing.
3 the compilation system: be responsible for compiling language users with advanced the source program compiled into the machine can understand and implement machine language.
4 for computer network system: responsible for the system network resources organization and management, in more independent of each other between the computer can perform the resources sharing and communication.
5 standard library: according to a standard format written procedures set, the standard procedures including solve elementary function, linear equations, the differential equation of numerical integration, etc.
6 service program: also called utility. In order to enhance the service function of the computer system and provide all kinds of programs, including the user program of devices, connection, editing, and error correction, diagnosis, etc. In order to make the computer can calculate fast and accurate, and remember, for decades, to improve the treatment of single CPU speed and precision, to improve memory access speed and capacity for many improvements, such as the basic unit: word length and improve precision of the unit, Add new data types of data, or custom, the data that distinguish with symbol, and instruction and data types;, The CPU adding general-purpose registers, increased by address register, indirect addressing function and add cache and adopts the stack technology, Using interleaved memory technology and virtual storage technology, Using command line and operation line, Using multiple functional components and add coprocessor etc.
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