非限定性定语从句which
说到非限定性定语从句的讲解,还要分成不同的部分,首先大家要知道就得就是该从句的作用是什么。其实它在句子中是一个独立的成分,不会受到主句的限制,把从句去掉之后,主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次,大家要了解该从句的形式:非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密,因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如:
Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?
你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗?它的男主演可是世界闻名的。
My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
我有位朋友,他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会,下个月就要退休了。
在非限制性定语从句也分成不同的种类,在不同情况下,该从句的使用方法也是不一样的,在考试中经常会考察大家对于该从句不同类型的运用。如果大家不能很好的掌握这些用法,在考试的时候就一定会丢分了,下面就是关于该从句不同类型的介绍:
which引导的非限制性定语从句
关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
① which指代主句中的名词,被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的'名词。如:
These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。
She is an artist,which I am not.她是一位艺术家,而我不是。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。
The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were.那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上,也真是如此。
② which指代主句中的形容词。如:
She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。
She is always careless,which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意,我们可不应该这样。
③ which指代主句中的某个从句。如:
He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.他说以前从没见过她,这不是真的。
④ which指代整个主句。如:
In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。
He may have acute appendicitis,in which case he will have to be operated on.他可能得了急性盲肠炎,如果是这样,他就得动手术。
When deeply absorbed in work,which he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他经常聚精会神地工作,这时他会废寝忘食。
除此之外大家还要注意一些非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况:
1.非限制性定语从句不可用that引导, 在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人,用which(作主语 / 宾语)指物, 用whose作定语(指人 / 物)。例如:
The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。
The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.
这部电影很有教育意义, 它的导演是位老人。
2.关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略,若指人时,只用whom,不用who。例如:
York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.
我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。
Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.
请把这本书交给杰西卡,就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。
3.非限制性定语从句不可用why引导, 需用for which替代why。例如:
None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.
我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。