一、that的用法：
1、pron. (代词)
1）that用作指示代词的意思是“那,那个”。可指前面提到的那件事,也可指在空间或时间上较另一事物远的事物或人,还可指要表明的或要提及的事物、想法等。
2）that用作关系代词时,指人或事物,同时又在从句中充当句子成分。that偶尔也可引导非限制性定语从句。
3）that还常用以代替who, whom, which,但that...which中的that用做关系代词的先行词。
4）that用作关系代词时在下列情况下可以省略：
①引导限制性定语从句在从句中用作宾语时。
②用在there be结构前作主语时。
③用作表语时。
④在定语从句与先行词之间有插入语时。
⑤在先行词way, reason, distance, place, office等作方式状语、原因状语或地点状语时。
2、conj. (连词)
1）that用作连词时可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和状语从句。
2）that还常引导间接引语或形容词后面的从句。
3）that在以it作形式主语的句子中或引导宾语从句、状语从句时常可省略。
4）that也可用于表示愿望或遗憾。
二、which的用法：
pron. (代词)
1）which用作疑问代词时,在特殊疑问句中用作宾语或主语。
2）which用作关系代词,可引导限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句,引导非限制性定语从句时which可以用整个主句作为其前行词,相当于and that,有时还可引导不定式短语从句。
扩展资料：
that, which词义辨析：
pron. (代词)
that和which都可引导定语从句,但以下情况引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that不能用which:
1、当先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little等不定代词,或被first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no等词修饰时,应该用关系代词that,不用which。
2、当先行词为形容词最高级所修饰时,关系代词用that不用which。
3、当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时,要用关系代词that而不用which。
4、在强调句型“It is〔was〕...that〔who〕...”中,只能用that,不能用which。
5、同位语从句除了用whether, what, why等引导外,通常还用that引导,但不用which。
6、当定语从句由介词加上关系代词来引导时,该关系代词代替的是物而不是人时,不能用that,只能用which。
7、非限制性定语从句所修饰的是物或是整个主句时,关系代词用which,不用that。
参考资料来源：百度百科－that
参考资料来源：百度百科－which
一、that 用法
第一、 that 用作指示代词(复数形式是those)，其指代意义同形容词用法，同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词;还可为了避免重复，代替前述名词。
That is what he told me.
第二、 that 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物，用法相当于who或which。(但是在下列情况下多用that：先行词既有人又有物时;先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、very，only等修饰时;先行词是不定代词时)
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
第三、that 用作连词，引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。
1、that名词性从句。
①引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。
I didn't expect (that) he could win the championship.
② 引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。
That the earth goes around the sun is known to everyone.
③引导表语从句。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
④引导同位语从句。
引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的。前者只起语法作用，在从句中不作任何成分;而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明：
The news that he resigned from office surprised us.
2、that引导状语从句
①引导目的状语从句。
Bring it nearer that I may see it better.
②引导结果状语从句。
What have I done that he should be so angry with me?
③引导原因状语从句。
I am afraid that I will fail in the driving test.
④引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然、尽管”。
Difficult that/as the task was, they managed to accomplish it on time.
⑤引导条件状语从句。意为“假使、假设”。
Supposing that you were in my position, what would you do?
3、引导强调句。
It is Mrs. white that makes the decision in her family, not her meek little husband.
第四、that用作副词。
1、that用作普通副词。
I was that/so angry I could have hit him.
2、that用作关系副词。引导定语从句，可以代替when，where，why或 in which，常可省略。
I will never forget the evening (that) / when we went to the theatre.
二、which的用法：
1、which用作疑问代词时,在特殊疑问句中用作宾语或主语。
2、which用作关系代词,可引导限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句,引导非限制性定语从句时which可以用整个主句作为其前行词,相当于and that,有时还可引导不定式短语从句。
扩展资料
that, which词义辨析：
that和which都可引导定语从句,但以下情况引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that不能用which:
1、当先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little等不定代词,或被first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no等词修饰时,应该用关系代词that,不用which。
2、当先行词为形容词最高级所修饰时,关系代词用that不用which。
3、当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时,要用关系代词that而不用which。
4、在强调句型“It is〔was〕...that〔who〕...”中,只能用that,不能用which。
5、同位语从句除了用whether, what, why等引导外,通常还用that引导,但不用which。
6、当定语从句由介词加上关系代词来引导时,该关系代词代替的是物而不是人时,不能用that,只能用which。
7、非限制性定语从句所修饰的是物或是整个主句时,关系代词用which,不用that。
一关系代词that的使用
1.先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing等,关系代词应用that?
That's all that I know.
2.先行词前有the only, the same, the very或no, little, much, any, every, all等修饰时,关系代词应用that?
This is the only reason that I can say.
3.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词常用that?
The first thing that we should do is to help him.
4.当先行词同时含有"人"或"物"时,关系代词应用that?
Can you see a man and his horse that are crossing the bridge?
5.在固定结构the same...that...; so...that...; such...that...以及it is/was...that...的强调句型中,须用that?
This is the same museum that you once visited.
6.如主句以there be开头时,关系代词应用that?
There is a house that has two windows.
7.当一个句子中含有两个定语从句时,如前一个已用关系代词which,后一个关系代词宜用that,避免重复?但两个定语从句的结构如果平行,应重复同一个关系代词?
I'll borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders.
He told me to read a book that is very short, and that is very interesting.
8. that还可引导同位语从句,which则不能?
He told me the news that they would come to see me.
二关系代词which的使用
1.非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用which?
She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honour.
2.关系代词前如有介词,关系代词须用which?如把介词移至句末,可用that (或省略)?
There's only one problem about which they disagree.
This is the book(that)she was looking for.
3.如果先行词是that,关系代词应用which?
I have that which you gave me.
4.如先行词和定语从句之间被其它较长的成分分隔,常用which?
Larry told her the story of the young airman which I narrated at the beginning of this book. (先行词为story)
5.在"those+复数形式的名词"结构中,其后的关系代词多用which?
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
6.一个句子中如有两个定语从句,第一个定语从句用了关系代词that,第二个从句中的关系代词宜用which?但在平行结构中,应重复同一个关系代词?
This is the book that you bought which you have lost.
http://www.qnr.cn/waiyu/sy/
I have a house which is located on the hillside, which faces the south.
that用法比较特殊,可以借助上面比较仔细的回答
它用来指已被提到的人或物；也可表对比，指两个中较远的那个。
What about that book you borrowed from me last month？
请注意，that 有时候在句子中具有喜欢或轻蔑等感情色彩。
that little son of his 他那个小宝贝儿子
That George！乔治那家伙！（含有轻蔑语气） 第二、that 用作代词。
1. that 用作指示代词（复数形式是those），其指代意义同形容词用法，同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词；还可为了避免重复，代替前述名词。
That is what he told me.
What is that (which) you have got in your hand?
The price of rice is higher than that of flour.
2. that 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物，用法相当于who或which。（但是在下列情况下多用that：先行词既有人又有物时；先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、very，only等修饰时；先行词是不定代词时）
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
I think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced.
She has little information that is useful for our research.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
请注意，that 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。
The books (that) I sent you will help you in your studies. 第三、that 用作连词，引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。
1. that名词性从句。
①引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。
I didn't expect (that) he could win the championship.
The teacher pointed out that Tom was not working hard enough.
② 引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。
That the earth goes around the sun is known to everyone.
（It is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun.）
③引导表语从句。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
④引导同位语从句。
引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的。前者只起语法作用，在从句中不作任何成分；而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明：
The news that he resigned from office surprised us.
The idea that he holds is very common nowadays on campus.
2. that引导状语从句
①引导目的状语从句。
Bring it nearer that I may see it better.
②引导结果状语从句。
What have I done that he should be so angry with me?
③引导原因状语从句。
I am afraid that I will fail in the driving test.
④引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然、尽管”。
Difficult that/as the task was, they managed to accomplish it on time.
⑤引导条件状语从句。意为“假使、假设”。
Supposing that you were in my position, what would you do?
On condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible.
3. 引导强调句。
It is Mrs. White that makes the decision in her family, not her meek little husband.
It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. 第四、that用作副词。
1. that用作普通副词。
I was that/so angry I could have hit him.
2. that用作关系副词。引导定语从句，可以代替when，where， why或 in which，常可省略。
I will never forget the evening (that) / when we went to the theatre.
The house (that)/where I used to live has been knocked down. 第五，与that 有关的常见重要短语。
1. in that，意为“既然、因为”。
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes.
2. now that，意为“既然、由于”。
Now that they have taken matters into their hands, the pace of events has quickened.
3. see (to it) that，意为“注意、务必做到、保证”。
We will see to it that she gets home early.
See to it that you are not late again.
4. seeing that，意为“鉴于、由于”。
Seeing that it is 8 o'clock, we'll wait no longer.
Seeing that he was busy with his work, I didn't disturb him. which的用法
1、在后置的非限制性定语从句中代替上文出现的事物或情况（单数或复数）。
2、在问句中作为疑问代词，在名词从句中作为连接代词用，其含义为“哪个、哪些”。
3、如果非限制性定语从句的先行词不是指主句内容，而是指具体的人、时间、地点，则不用which。
[解题过程]
这里主要讲解一下在定语从句中的用法：
一、关系代词that和which在定语从句中作主语和宾语，放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用。指物时，一般情况下可互换。如：
Here is the pen that/which you lost yesterday.(that/which指物作宾语)
A plane is a machine that/which can fly.(that/which指物，作主语)
He is the most careful boy that I know.(that指人,作宾语)
The man that works in this room is a chemist.(that指人,作主语)
二、that,which在从句中作主语时，不能省略。作宾语时在口语中和非正式问题中经常省略。如上例1和中的that,which都可省略。
三、 关系代词在主语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。
Wheat is a plant that/which is grown in the north of China.
四、在定语从句中，关系代词that和which指物时，一般没有区别，但下列几种情况中不能互换：
1 只能用that的情况：
a)先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little等不定代词时（something后也可用which）：
Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?
That’s all (that) I know.
b)先行词被序数词所修饰时：
The first thing (that) we should do is to work out a plan.
c) 先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时：
This is one of the most exciting football games (that) I have ever seen.
The nanjing yangtse river bridge is the longest bridge (that) they have ever seen.
d)先行词 被only,very,no,any,same,little,one of等词所修饰时：
This is the only thing (that) we can do now.
He gave me the same pen (that) he borrowed from me.
Do you have any books that were written by Lu Xun?
This is the very book (that) I want to read.
e)当先行词中既有人又有物时：
The man and the car (that) you want to see are all here.你相见的人和车都在这里。
f) that可指人，which则不能：
Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?
g) 在“the time when”等结构和某些时间状语中，when常被that代替，而且that往往省略：
I may leave here any time I want to.
During the time I was there I visited him twice.
h)way后面可根由that引导的定语从句，但that一般都省略：
That was the way she looked after us.
2 在下列情况中，只能用which:
a) 放在介词后面做介词宾语时：
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
但是，如把介词放在从句的后部，这时which就可换为that并常省略。如上例可改为：
This is the question (that) we’ve had so much discussion about.
b) 在非限制性定语从句，无论指物指人，都不能用that。指物时，只能用which和其他关系代词。如：
All the books there,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him
