Question

求学贸易专业的高手帮忙翻译一段英文~~不尽感激~

An efficient legal infrastructure reduces institutional uncertainties for foreign
investors, facilitates establishment anden forcement of contracts andred uces the
transaction costs of doing business. Prior research has focused in particular on the
impact of intellectual property rights protection on FDI; Oxley (1999) and Smarzynska
(2002) foundthat weak property rights inhibit FDI inflows. However, inthe transition economies, not only intellectual property rights are of concern, and
we require a broader index of the legal framework.
Though, by the late 1990s, many elements of a market-basedlegal framework
hadbeen established, the implementation of laws was often weak (EBRD, 1999;
Murrell, 2001). This is attributed, among other reasons, to the fact that it takes
time to establish the informal institutions that needto underpin the law: trained
lawyers, independent judges, and general knowledge about laws and legal proceedings.
Therefore, we needto distinguish the extensiveness andeffecti veness of legal
reform. As North (1990) argued, informal institutions need to complement formal
institutions. When a formal legal framework is in place, but the enforcement is
only sporadic, or legal costs are high, transaction costs are hardly lowered, and
informal institutions such as relationship-basedbusines s prevail (Peng, 2000; Murrell,
2001). Hence, we expect legal effectiveness to have a more powerful effect than
legal extensiveness.

Answer 1

有效的法律基础设施的不确定性,减少制度
投资者,便于对合同成立andred uces然后小江小湖隐退了
交易成本的经商之道。以前的研究集中在特定的
对知识产权保护方面的影响;对外国直接投资的老朋友奥克斯Smarzynska》(1999)
(2002)发现产权抑制的外国直接投资流入。然而,在转型经济国家,不仅是知识产权是令人担忧的,
我们需要一个广泛指数的法律框架。
虽然,在20世纪90年代末,许多元素的market-basedlegal框架
成立于实施法律的,往往是弱(EBRD,1999。
Murrell,2001年)。这是因为,在其他原因,这一事实
一次非正式制度,建立了needto支撑法:训练
法官、律师、独立和一般知识和法律和司法程序。
因此,我们needto区分广泛性andeffecti印度的法律
改革。作为北(1990),非正式制度需要补充形式
机构。当一个正规的法律法规体系的地方,但执行吗
只有零星的、或法律上的花费是很高的,交易成本降低,几乎
如relationship-basedbusines非正式制度是流行杂志,2002;Murrell(鹏,
2001年)。因此,我们期望的法律效力有一个更强大的影响
合法的广泛性。