英语中什么情况下用动名词
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语,但是不能作补语。
1、作主语
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单三形式动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加Ing,使该动词或动词短语,有名词的各种特征,可作名词灵活使用。
2、作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时,要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
扩展资料
动名词和现在分词的不同:
1、动名词和现在分词都可用作表语,其区别为:
1)作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变。例如:
Her hobby is running.
可改为Running is her hobby.
2)现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置。例如:
The race is exciting.
不可改为:Exciting is the race.
2、动名词和现在分词都可用作定语,其区别为:
动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。例如:
a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car
前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping,因为现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态。
后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping,因为动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语,但是不能作补语。
1、作主语
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单三形式动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加Ing,使该动词或动词短语,有名词的各种特征,可作名词灵活使用。
2、作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时,要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。
动名词和现在分词的不同:
1、动名词和现在分词都可用作表语,其区别为:
1)作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变。例如:
Her hobby is running.
可改为Running is her hobby.
2)现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置。例如:
The race is exciting.
不可改为:Exciting is the race.
2、动名词和现在分词都可用作定语,其区别为:
动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。例如:
a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car
前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping,因为现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态。
后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping,因为动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语,但是不能作补语。
1、作主语:动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单三形式动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加Ing,使该动词或动词短语,有名词的各种特征,可作名词灵活使用。
2、作动词的宾语:某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。
3、作表语:动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时,要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。
语法特征
“动词”,表示人或事物的动作、存在、变化的词,如: 走(walk)、笑(laugh)、有(have)、在(lie)、看(see)、写(write)、飞(fly)、落(land)、保护(protect)、开始(start)、起来(wake)、上去(up)。
动词通常充当句子的谓语或后接描述性补语充当谓语中心,表示主语的动作、存在、变化,或主语对宾语的动作,态度。如“他来了。”("He arrived")(不及物,表示主语的动态)
以上内容参考:百度百科-动词
一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement):
1.1 作主语
1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening )
2. Running is good exercise. (主语running)
3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking)
1.2 作主语的补语
1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping)
2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing)
1.3 主语置于句尾
1.3.1 用 It + be + ... +v-ing 句型
1. It is fun speaking English.
2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).
1.3.2 用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型
1. It is no use learning theory without practice.
2. It is no fun being lost in rain.
1.3.3 用 It is 后接 useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型
1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration.
1.3.4 用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型
1. There is no joking about such matters.
2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处)
如何?感到头晕了吗?不怕的再来吧。再见。
谈谈动名词(Gerund)(三)
二、动名词也可以作宾语(Object)
2.1 作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面)
1. I cannot help laughing. (我禁不住笑了起来)(宾语laughing)
2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister. (宾语quarrelling)
3. You should practice speaking English more. (宾语speaking)
注意:上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类
动词还有:
dislike 厌恶 admit 接受 repent 后悔 acknowledge 承认
enjoy 享受 escape避免 deny 否认 postpone 延迟
resent 怨恨 mind 介意 miss 错过 risk 冒风险
finish 完成 avoid 避免 delay 耽误 consider 认为
fancy 想象 excuse 原谅 include 包括 imagine 想象
resist 抵制 suggest 建议 ……
还有短语类:
keep (on)继续 don't mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放弃
put off 延迟 leave off 停止 burst out 闯出 ……
再请注意:有一些动词除了可接动名词外,也可接不定词(infinitive)。例子如下:
1. I prefer living in an apartment. (动词prefer接动名词 living)
2. I prefer to live in an apartment. (动词prefer接不定词 to live)
像上面两个句子的意思没什么不同。如 prefer 这一类的动词还有:
allow deserve neglect attempt
fear omit begin hate
permit bother intend cease
like recommend continue love
start stop forget regret
propose try continue remember
need ……
其实如hate, love, like之类动词,接动名词和接不定词的句子,意思是会有些不
同的,这就留给大家去研究吧,hihi……
2.2 作介词(Preposition)的宾语(Object)
1. I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble. (介词for,宾语giving)
2. The book is worth reading. (介词worth, 宾语reading)
3. I reached him by calling his office. (介词by, 宾语calling)
4. The police arrested(逮捕)him for speeding. (介词for, 宾语speeding)
注意:在下列的句子结构中,介词 in 被省略掉:
1. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.
2. He spent two hours (in) reading book.
3. There is no use (in) talking with him now.
4. Is it any good (in) taking cold water baths?
2.3 作"名词+介词"的宾语
请看下列的句子:
1. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. (pleasure of + 宾
语speaking)
2. He takes a great interest in studying languages. (interest in + 宾语
studying)
这一类"名词+介词"的还有:
danger of fear of objection to
delight to habit of opportunity for /of
excuse for experience in love in
reason for ……
好了,好了,看到这里,你是不是需要一点风油呢?呵呵!Gerund还没谈完呢,再会
吧。
谈谈动名词(Gerund)(四)
三、句子中动名词的逻辑主语(Implied Subject)
什么是动名词的逻辑主语呢?在句子中,除了原有的主语之外,属于动名词的"主语
",也就称为"逻辑主语",一般位于动名词的前面。
3.1 在动名词前加"物主代词(如:my, his...)"或"名词所有格(如:Mary's,
Dog's...)"
1. His coming here helped us a lot. (主语/逻辑主语his, 动名词coming)
2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(主语/逻辑主
语Tom,动名词escaping)
3.2 作宾语(Object)的动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,在动名词前加"物主代词"或"名
词所有格"
1. Do you mind my smoking in the romm? (逻辑主语my, 动名词smoking)
2. He insisted on Mary's staying there. (逻辑主语Mary, 动名词staying)
注意:作为逻辑主语的名词/代词为无生命时,则用通格(of the):
1. I cannot say there is no fear of the news spreading among intimate
friends. (逻辑主语news)
3.3 在下列情况中,不能使用所有格:
3.3.1 代词为 all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作为逻辑主语时:
1. I remember all of them saying it .
3.3.2 数词、名词化形容词(如 the three, the old...)作逻辑主语时:
1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believe
it.
3.3.3 结构中的逻辑主语是名子或短语,或受从句或短语修饰时:
1. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking
a little louder?
真是烦死人了!还好,"动名词"最难的一关要算是"逻辑主语"了。如果你闯过后,接下
来的就轻松得多了。哈哈……
谈谈动名词(Gerund)(五)
四、动名词的语态
4.1 被动式(being + v-ed)
当动名词的逻辑主语所表示的是动作的对象时,动名词要用被动语态。
1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech.
2. They couldn't stand being treated(被对待) like that.
4.2 完成式 (having + v-ed)
动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前,要用完成式。
1. We regret having been unable to inform you of the meeting.
2. The students' having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.
4.3 完成式的被动语态 (having been + v-ed)
1. I heard of his having been chosen(被选为) to be the coach of the team.
2. Some of our customers complained of having been treated(被对待)
rudely.
4.4 在动词 need, want, require, deserve 之后的动名词(作为宾语),要用主动
语态来表示被动的意思。
1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要浇水).
2. That's one of those questions that really don't need answering(不需回
答).
五、作定语 (Attribute)
动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语,表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。
1. sleeping car 卧车
2. walking stick 手杖
3. printing shop 印务馆
4. reading room 阅读室
5. swimming pool 泳池
6. washing machine 洗衣机
7. dining room 饭厅
六、在英文正式语体里,动名词可放在前置词(Preposition)后,以替代副词/状语的子
句(Adverbial Clauses)
例:1. In case customers encounter difficulties, they should ring the
following number:...
2. In case of encountering difficulties, customers should ring the
following number:...
第二个句子的"In case of "动名词短句(Gerund Phrase) 取代第一个句子的 "In
case" 副词子句。
2017-05-04