定语从句和同位语从句的区别是什么?
He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health.他又告诉我们一个事实,过渡饮酒对健康有害。(同位语从句)
This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。(定语从句)
2. 连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。引导定语从句的连接词是关系词,常见的关系代词和关系副词有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why , as,than, but 等。
The news that he wants to get is whether he will be sent to the countryside.他所想得到的消息是他是否将被派往农村。(定语从句,关系代词that作从句get的宾语。)
Do you have a doubt whether she will be dismissed from school? 你怀疑她是否能被学校开除吗?(同位语从句)
3.从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点,对先行词起修饰、限定作用,描述先行词的性质或特征,与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点,对中心词作进一步补充解释,是中心词的具体内容。例如:
The man that you saw just now is my bother. 你刚才看到的那个人是我的弟弟。(定语从句)
The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。(同位语从句)
同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句子成分,也没有词汇含义,只起连接作用,其作用大致相当于一个冒号;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,且在句中充当句子的成分。
具体区别如下:
1、 被修饰的词不同:同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
例子:
Word came that he had been abroad.(同位语从句)
这个消息传来,他在国外。
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.(定语从句)
队伍的取得胜利使我们高兴。
2. 从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。
例子:
The news that our team has won the game was true. (同位语从句)
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
The news that he told me yesterday was true.(定语从句)
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
3. 引导词不同:what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。
例子:
That question whether we need it has not been considered.(同位语从句)
我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。
The order hat we received yesterday was that we hould send a few people to help the other groups.(定语从句)
我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。
4. 引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
例子:
The news that got around the town made people happy.(定语从句)
我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴
The news that he came back made people happy.(同位语从句)
他回来的消息让人们感到很高兴。
5. 判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法:由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的,所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。
例子:
At the first day, I booked a kind of magazine that Tom had recommended to me.(定语从句)
在第一天,我在读汤姆推荐我的杂志。
he fact can`t be accepted by the fans that we lost the swimming game .(同位语从句)
因为他放不下架子,所以我们输了游泳比赛。
1.从从句与先行词的关系区分同位语从句与定语从句
从语义角度看,同位语从句与先行词之间存在的是同位或等同的关系,而定语从句与先行词之间存在的是所属关系,表示“……的”,起修饰限定作用。
例如:
同位语从句: The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.她考试及格的消息使她父母很高兴。(that之后是news的具体内容)
定语从句: The news that he told us interested all of us.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。(that之后是对news的解释)
2.从引导词的作用区分同位语从句与定语从句
从语法角度来看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起语法作用,用来连接同位语从句,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它除了起引导从句的语法作用之外,还要在从句中充当句子成分主要是作主语或宾语。
例如:
同位语从句: The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。(that只起连接作用)
定语从句: The fact that (which) we talked about is very important.我们所谈论的那个事实很重要。(that在从句中作about的宾语)
3.从先行词的词性区分同位语从句与定语从句
从先行词的词性来看,同位语从句的先行词大都为抽象名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,也可以是代词。
例如:
同位语从句: There is no doubt that the price of wheat will go up.毫无疑问,小麦的价格将会上涨。(doubt为抽象名词)
定语从句: Those who were against the plan ra