Question

麻烦翻译一下 急用

When President Bill Clinton stood in
the East Room of the White House
on June 26, 2000, and hailed the
completion of the Human Genome Project, calling
its results “the most important, most wondrous
map ever produced by humankind,” he
was not looking to inaugurate an era of hightech
snake oil sales. Yet less than a decade later
Web-based purveyors of genetic tests and
dietary supplements are hawking nutritional
genetics, or nutrigenetics, with claims that it
can look at an individual’s genetic information
to figure out what that person should eat to promote
stronger bones, shinier hair and other
trappings of good health. So far, though, hyperbole
has outpaced promise. This nascent field
provides a cautionary tale of how commerce
often races ahead of science: the commercialization
of gene detection technology has occurred
before scientists have developed an adequate
understanding of how particular genes contribute
to health and disease.
Information derived from sequencing the
DNA code in every human chromosome is gradually
enabling scientists to create tests and treatments
that have the potential to prevent, diagnose,
ameliorate and perhaps even cure disease.
It is also paving the way for “personalized medicine,”
which is based on the recognition that
genetic differences among individuals can explain
why one person’s body reacts differently
than another’s to food, drugs, sun, exercise, allergens
or other stimuli. In an ideal world, a genetic
test would reveal which medication or other
therapy would work best and produce the
fewest side effects in a given individual. And investigators
are now beginning to create such
tests. One milestone occurred this past summer,
when the Food and Drug Administration approved
the first genetic test to help a patient
gauge the best dosage for a blood-thinning drug
called warfarin. The test is certain to be followed
by scores of others that attempt to better
match drug to patient.

Answer 1

2006年的6月26日，美国总统比尔·克林顿站在了白宫的西厢，为人类基因组计划的完成而致敬，他称这一成果是人类历史上最重要，最令人惊叹的基因地图。当时他并没有想到这会开创出一个以高科技为万能药出售的新纪元。
但是不到10年的时间，以网络为基础的食品供应商们就用基因测试和食品强化剂冲击着营养遗传学这一说法。他们称他们可以通过检测个人的基因信息找出个人所需的食品：哪些可以使人骨骼健壮，头发闪亮以及哪些会抑制人的健康。到目前为止，这一切还都是夸夸其谈。这些初期的现象已经向我们发出了警告：商业总是走在科学的前面。在科学家还没有对特殊基因如何服务于健康和治疗疾病做出充足的理解时，基因探测科技已经用于商业化了。
人类每个染色体上的DNA序列所给出的信息正逐渐受用与科学家建立新的测试和治疗方案，这对于预防、诊断、改良甚至也许是治愈癌症有非常大的潜力。同时它也在为个性化药物治疗铺路，这也是基于人类认识到基因在不同的人身上是不同的。基因的独特性也正好解释了为什么人们对于相同的食物、药物、太阳、运动、过敏原和刺激物会有不同的反映。
在理想世界中，对于给定的个人而言，基因测试可以显示那种药物和治疗方案是最有效而且负面影响最小。所以测试员们正准备建立这种测试。一个里程碑式的改变发生在了去年夏天。食品和药物管理局批准了第一个基因测试，为帮助一个病患计算出血液稀释药物的最佳剂量，也就是华法令阻凝剂。这一测试也将会带来更多的相关测式，为病患们找到更好的药物配额。