求初中人教版Go for it的所有语法知识

像liketodosthlikedoingsth好答案给100分,骗人是狗... 像like to do sth like doing sth 好答案给100分,骗人是狗 展开
只想倾吐一一下
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英语的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、 一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时:
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时:
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时:
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
It has been raining these days.
六、 过去完成时:
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时:
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时:
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there
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encourauge sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事 prevent sb doing sth=stop sb to doing sth 阻止某人做某事 复合句:有主句,有从句。从句修饰主句的谓语,说明谓语发生的时间/地点/方式等等。
定语从句:也是复合句的一种,修饰主句中的某个名次/代词。
并列句:前后两个句子是相等的,没有主次之分,常用and/or/but/while等连接。
间接引语:把某人的话引用到自己的句中,不用引号表明,而是放在谓语动词的后面变成了宾语从句。如:she asked who you were.
直接引语:把某人的话引用到自己的句中,用引号表明,如; "Who are you?" she asked.

不定试: 是非谓语的一种, to do, 在句子中作除了谓语之外的所有成分。

九 年 级 英 语 语 法 集 中
——定语从句(the Attributive Clause)
Name: ______________ Class: ______________ No.:______________
一、定义:
在复合句中,修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的句子(从句)叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句作定语放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词有:关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,既起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。如:
The girl who is standing on the stage is my sister.
正站在台上的那个女孩是我的妹妹。(关系代词who在句中作主语)
I can’t find the book (that) I bought yesterday.
我找不到我昨天买的那本书。(关系代词that在句中作宾语,可省去)
Madam Curie was a great scientist whose name is known all over the world.
居里夫人是一位全世界闻名的伟大科学家。
二、用法:
(一)关系代词的用法:
(1)that指物,有时也指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
which指物,不指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。如:
His father works in a factory that/ which makes TV set. (作主语,指物)
The coat (that/ which) I put on the desk is black. (作宾语,可省去)
The books (that/ which) they bought were written by me. (作宾语,可省去)
注意:
(一) which与that指物时可互相代替,但that比which更常见,尤其在口语中。但要注意that可用来指人,而which则不能指人。
只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句:
①定语从句所修饰的词,同时又被形容词最高级修饰时,定语从句只能用that引导;
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
②定语从句所修饰的词,同时又被序数词修饰时,定语从句只能用that引导;
The children like the second Lesson that is about “The Football March”.
③定语从句所修饰的词,同时又被the only,the very或the same修饰时,
定语从句只能用that引导;
1) It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.
2) This is the same bicycle (that) I lost.
④定语从句修饰的词同时又被不定代词,如:all,any,no,every,little,many或much等修饰时,定语从句只能用that引导;
Here is all the money (that) I have.
⑤定语从句修饰词为everything,something,anything,nothing,all,none,much,little,few等不定代词时,定语从句只能用that引导。但something前有the时,定语从句可由which引出。
Here is something (that) I will tell you.
I want everything (that) I want.
⑥定语从句修饰的词中同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时,定语从句只能用that引导:
I can remember well the persons and some picture (that) I see in the room.
⑦定语从句修饰的词为one, ones时,定语从句用that引导:
Is it the one (that) you want?
⑧当主句的主语是疑问词 who或 which来提问时,为了避免重复,用that引导定语从句:]
Who is the girl that won the first place?
(二) who指人,that除指人外也指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语可省略,作主语不能省略。
1) The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. (作主语,不可省略)
2) The teacher who spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office. (作主语,不可省略)
3) The boy (who/ that) I like isn’t here now. (作宾语,可省略)
注 意:
who与that指人时可互相代替,但下列情况只能用who不能用that引导的定语从句:
① 先行词是one,ones,anyone时,定语从句只能用who引导;
② 先行词为those时,定语从句只能用who引导;
③ There be句型开头。
另 注:(1) whom指人,为who的宾格形式,在句中只作宾语,其前没有介词时,也可用who替换使用,也可省略,如:
Who is the teacher (that/ who/ whom) Yanzhen is talking to? (作宾语,可省略)
Who is the teacher to whom Yanzhen is talking? (作宾语,介词to提到whom前,whom再此不可省略)
(2) whose 指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语,不可省略。如:
The building whose windows face to the south is our school. (作定语,不可省略)
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