什么是先行词?什么是引导词?
唉,现在离期末考只有4天了!我要做好最后的冲刺准备!各位赏个脸,回答一下啊! 展开
1、先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。我们可以这样认为，之所以称它为先行词，是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后，先行词总是出现在定语从句之前，而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时，形容词位于名词之前。
例句：He is Mr. Robertson who comes from England.
他是来自英国的罗伯森先生。其中的“Mr. Robertson”是先行词，“who”是引导词。
2、引导词
引导词是英语语法中的专有名词。引导词=指什么+作什么，所谓“指什么”，就是说引导词是指代人、事、物，还是全句。这点一般取决于先行词；而“作什么”，则是看引导词在句中作什么句子成分，这个取决于定语从句——两者相比，作什么成分更为重要。
扩展资料
引导词分类：
一、关系代词
关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语
1、that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略.
2、如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
3、代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which：
4、who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。
5、whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物,当它引导的从句修饰物体时,可以与 of which 调换，表达的意思一样。
二、关系副词
关系副词：在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ...which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ...which (介词同先行词搭配)
1、where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句.
2、when引导定语从句表示时间[注]值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导.
3、当从句的逻辑主语是some、any、no、somebody、anybody,nobody、something、anything、everything或nothing时，常用there is 开头。
非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。
参考资料来源：百度百科-先行词
参考资料来源：百度百科-引导词
1、先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。在定语从句中充当一定的部分。之所以称它为先行词，是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后，先行词总是出现在定语从句之前，而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时，形容词位于名词之前。
2、引导词是英语语法中的专有名词。定语从句的引导词有关系代词who， whom，which，that， as；关系副词when， where，why；关系形容词whose。
扩展资料
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句在结构、用法及意义上差别：
1、限定性定语从句：从句不能省略，如果省略整个句子意思不完整。
非限定性定语从句：从句可以省略，如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整 。
2、限定性定语从句：先行词可以用“that”引导。
非限定性定语从句：先行词不可以用“that”引导。
3、限定性定语从句：引导词有时可以省略。
非限定性定语从句：引导词不可以省略。
4、限定性定语从句：主句与从句不需要用逗号隔开。
非限定性定语从句：主句与从句需要用逗号隔开。
5、限定性定语从句：从句只修饰先行词。
非限定性定语从句：从句既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。
参考资料来源：百度百科-先行词
参考资料来源：百度百科-引导词
引导词:连接主句与从句的词
引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
宾语从句：多为that,可以省略
表语从句：be动词的改变形势
定语从句：that,who,whom,whose,where,when,which...
状语从句：that,when,where等可以表示状态的疑问词等
主语从句(Subject Clause)
定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.
第一部分：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
（3）Who will be our monitor has't been decided yet.
（4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.
（6）Whatever you did is right.
（7）Whose watch was lost is unknown.
（8）What we need is time.
（9）What we need are good doctors.
小结:
（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
（2)连词位于句首不能省略
（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外,如例9
第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末
（1）It is certain that he will win the match.
（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.
（4）It is strange that he should do that.
（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.
（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
（10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
（11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
（13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
小结:
（1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句.
（2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11.
定语从句的引导词有关系代词who， whom，whose，which，that， as；关系副词when， where，why。定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分或者是定语从句中缺什么成分。
1．定语从句中缺主语，修饰人时用who ／that，修饰物时用which ／that引导。如：
Is this the factory which ／that makes TV sets？
The man who ／that visited our school is from Australia．
2．从句中缺宾语，修饰人时用 who ／whom ／that或省略引导词；修饰物时用which ／that或省略引导词。如：
Gone are the days which ／that we spent together in the village．
He is the man who ／whom ／that I think to be worthy of our praise．
3．从句中缺时间状语，用when或介词＋which引导。如：
The day finally came when ／on which I was given a job．
We'll put off the outing until next week，when we won't be so busy．
4．从句中缺地点状语，用where或介词＋which引导。如：
Please put the letter on the desk where ／on which he can easily find it．
5．从句中缺原因状语或先行词是 reason时，引导词用why ／for which ／ that。如：
This is the reason why ／for which ／ that he didn't come to the meeting．
6．从句中缺定语，人和物都用 whose引导。如：
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan．
Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black．
7．当先行词是way时，其定语从句的引导词用in which ／that。如：
The way in which ／that he looks at problems is wrong．
二、引导词as可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
1．在固定词组the same．．．as，such．．．as中，as引导限制性定语从句。如：
He is not such a fool as he looks．
I've bought the same dress as she is wearing．
2．当先行词是整个主句时，可用 as ／which引导非限制性定语从句。引导词as和which的区别在于：
①as引导的非限制性定语从句可放于主句前、主句中、主句后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般放于主句后或句中。
②as常与从句中的know，see， hear，expect等动词连用，也常用于as often happens，as is often the case（常有的事）等句子中；而which一般不用于以上情况。
③as有“正如”的含义，which没有此含义。如：
As is well known，Shanghai is a big city．
Some of the roads were flooded， which made our journey more difficult．
三、关系代词who，whom，whose， which和as能引导非限制性定语从句，而that不能；非限制性定语从句中即使缺宾语，引导词也不能省略；关系副词when，where能引导非限制性定语从句，而why不能。如：
Abraham Lincoln，who led the United States through the Civil War years，was shot on April 14，1865．
四、先行词是物时，其引导词可用 which也可用that，通常情况下二者可互换，但在有些情况下不能。
1．用which不用that引导定语从句的三种情况：
①非限制性定语从句用which，不用that引导。如：
Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world．
②先行词为that时，为了避免重
复，定语从句用which不用that引导。如：
That which you borrowed from me wasn't a real diamond necklace．
③介词后用which不用that引导。如：
The method with which you solved the problem is very good．
2．用that不用which的七种情况：
①先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，用 that不用which引导。如：
This is the best place that I have ever visited．
The second question that is asked is why we don't fall off the earth．
②先行词为little，much，all，none，few，（the）one， something，everything，nothing，anything等不定代词时，用that引导。如：
There is nothing in the world that can frighten him．
③先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时，用 that引导。如：
He told us about the people and the cities that he had visited．
④先行词前有any，all，no，few，every，some，little， much，（the）very，（the）only，（the）last等词修饰时，用 that引导。如：
This is the very coat that I need．
Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn？
⑤先行词为which时，为了避免重复，用that引导。如：
Which is the book that you bought yesterday？
⑥先行词在从句中作表语时，常用that引导。如：
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be in the 1930's．
⑦当主句是There be．．．句型时，用that引导。
There are two tickets for the film that are for you two．
五、在“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，从句的谓语动词应与复数名词保持一致；当one前有the only修饰时，从句的谓语动词应与the only one保持一致。如：
He was one of the students who were late for class．
He was the only one of the students who was late for class．
六、引导词前有介词或短语介词时，修饰人只能用 whom，修饰物只能用which引导。如：
My glasses，without which I was like a blind man， fell to the ground and broke．
The man，by whom the wolf was shot，is called Jackson．
先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。在定语从句中充当一定的成分。之所以称它为先行词，是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后，先行词总是出现在定语从句之前，而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时，形容词位于名词之前。
引导词：
引导词是英语语法中的专有名词。引导词就是引导从句的词，比如whether，how，what ，why，when等具有引导其后从句功能的词。
