Question

高分悬赏准确翻译

Second, there are times when a company with a long product line can benefit if the weakest of these products are dropped. This thinning of the line is referred to as productline simplification. Product overpopulation spreads a company's productive, financial, and marketing resources very thi n. Moreover, an excess of products in the line, some of which serve overlapping markets, not only creates internal competition among the company's own products, but also creates confusion in the minds of consumers. Consequently, a company may apply several criteria to all its products and delete those that fare worst.

A third reason for deleting a product is that problem procucts absorb too much management attention. Many of the costs included by weak producls are indirect: management time, inventory costs, promotion expenses, decline of company reputation, and so forth.

Missed opportunity costs reflect the final reason for product deletion. Even if a mature product is making a profit contribution and its indirect cost consequences are recognized and considered justifiable, the company might still be better off without the product because of its opportunity cost. The opportunity cost of a mature product is the profit contribution that a new and healthy product could produce if the effort and resources being devoted to the mature item were redirected.

The final issue is actually going through a product deletion procedure. Sometimes, however, a product can be revived (see the next Integrated Marketing box).

Strategies for Developing New Products
For several decades, business has come increasingly to the realization that new and improved products may hold the key to their survival and ultimate success. Consequently, profe ssional man agement has become an in tegral part of this process. As a result, many firms develop new products based on an orderly pro cedure, employing comprehensive and relevant data and intelligent decision making.

Answer 1

第二，有些时候，一个有着悠久公司的产品线可以受益，如果这些产品的最弱将被丢弃。此行的变薄被称为productline简化。产品人口过剩传播公司的生产，金融和市场资源非常氏全此外，在该行的产品，其中一些为市场上过多的重叠，不仅造成各公司自己产品的内部竞争，但也造成在消费者心中的混乱。因此，公司可以申请几个标准其所有产品，并删除那些票价最差。

用于删除一个产品的第三个原因是，吸收过多的问题procucts管理的重视。许多成本包括由弱producls是间接的：管理时间，库存成本，促销费用，公司信誉下降，等等。

错过的机会成本反映了产品删除最后一个原因。一个成熟的产品，即使是赚钱的贡献，其后果是公认的间接成本，并认为合理的，该公司可能仍然会更好，因为它没有机会成本的产品了。一个成熟的产品的机会成本就是利润贡献，一个新的，健康的产品，如果可能产生的努力和资源被投入到成熟的项目被重新导向。

最后一个问题实际上是经历一个产品删除程序。然而，有时一个产品可以恢复（请参阅下整合营销盒）。

新产品开发策略
几十年来，企业已经越来越多地认识到，新的和改进的产品可能掌握着他们的生存和最终成功的关键。因此，profe ssional人agement已成为这一进程的tegral组成部分。因此，许多企业制定有序亲cedure用人全面和相关的数据和智能决策，为基础的新产品。