Question

有哪些主动表被动的词？该怎么用

Answer 1

在英语学习中,有许多地方用主动表被动,这对许多中国学生来说是一个难点,常常让他们感到不好学,不好掌握,在此小结一下
1、 Need,want,require（要求,需要）,deserve(应得,值得),be worth值得）,not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动.
The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读.
The old building requires repairing.这座古建筑需要修了.
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管.
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了.
2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义.
I have much work to do.我有许多要做的事情.（与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系）
Tom is looking for a room to live in.Tom在找一间住的房间.（与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系）
He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭.（与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系）
3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式； 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式.如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如
difficult,easy,comfortable(舒适的),convenient（便利的,方便的),hard,cheap,expensive,等,不定式用主动表被动.
The question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答.
The work is easy to do.这项工作很好做.
I found the car comfortable to ride in.我觉得这种车很好坐.
That makes poetry difficult to write.那就使得诗很难写.
4、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动.下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
这场火灾应由谁负责?
You are to blame for the accident.你应为这事受动责备.
The house is to let.此房出租.
A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做.
5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义.常见的有taste(吃起来),sound (听起来),prove(证明是),feel(摸上去感到),look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理.
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口.
6、一些与can''t(不能)或won''t(不会)连用的动词.常用的有:lock(锁住),shut(关上) ,open(打开),act(上演),write(写),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动.例如:
The door won''t open.这门打不开.
It can''t move.它不能动.
7、一些动词如sell(销售) ,wash(洗),clean(打扫),burn(燃烧),cook(煮)等与副词如well(好),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词.例如:
The book sells well.这种书很畅销.
These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗.
The pen writes well.这笔很好写.
8、主语much,a great deal,little,what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动.
What is to do?做什么?
Much is to do.太多要做的事.
9、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义.
There is nothing doing these days.这些天没事干.
I see there’s a good idea planning.我知道又在打好主意.
Exercises:choose the best choice.
1.There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _____.
A.to be seen B.being seen C.seeing D.to see
2.The food _____ easily and sells _____.
A.cooks ; well B.is cooking; good C.is cooked; well D.cooked; good
3.The windows of the building can’t _____.,
A.be closed B.close C.be closing D.closed
Key:1-3 CAB