if虚拟语气的三种时态是什么?
1、对现在情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式,主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式,表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。
If I were you,I would choose to work in a small town.
如果我是你,我会选择在小城镇工作。(事实上我不是你)
注意:在条件从句中,如果谓语动词是be的形式,不管主语是单数还是复数,书面语中用were,而口语中如果是单数,也可以用was,不过在if I were...中一般用were.
2、对过去情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式,主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。
If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus.
如果昨天没有你的帮助,我不会赶上公交车。(事实是你昨天已经帮助了我,所以我赶上了车)
3、对将来情况的虚拟
在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语动词可用should do,were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示,但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to do 的可能性最小。
If things were to be twice,all would be wise.
假如凡事都可以重新做一次,人人皆可成为聪明人。(事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)
注意:在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had 或 should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。
其他条件句:
1、错综时间条件句
有些条件句的主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致,这类句子称为错综时间条件句。
If you had taken my advice then,you would not be in trouble now.
如果当时听我的劝,你现在就不会有麻烦了。(if 条件句是对过去的虚拟,故用过去完成时,而主句是对现在的虚拟,故用“would+动词原形”形式)
2、含蓄条件句
有些句子虽不含条件从句,但意思和条件句相差不多,这种句子称为“含蓄条件句”,这种句子有时候会用虚拟语气。
如: Without air (If there were notair), there would be no living things.
But for your help (If it ha dn'tbeen for your help) I couldn't have don e it.
在英语学习的过程中,对于大多数人来说虚拟语气都是一道难过的坎,学又老是学不会,考又一定会考,令人焦头烂额。但是虚拟语气又是一种在现实中使用得极为广泛语法点,甚至在中文中我们也会经常用到假设句,所以这次小编就来和大家一起学习一下由if引导的虚拟语气的用法吧!
if句又叫条件句,表示“假如”,是状语从句的一种,是一种非常常见的从句形式,用来提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,拥有三种形式。
①提出将来会发生的事:主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形
从句:should+动词原形/were to+动词原形
eg. If he should go to Harvard University, he would make full use of his time.
如果他要上哈佛大学的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了。
②提出现在的条件: 主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形
从句:动词过去式
eg. If he studied at this school, he would know the enviornment around the school very much.
如果他在这所学校学习的话,他会很了解周边环境。
③提出过去的未发生的条件:主句:主语+would/should/might/could have+动词过去分词
从句:had+动词过去分词
eg. If I had read the book, I would have told you about it.
我如果看过本书,我会把内容告诉你了。
if句又叫条件句,表示“假如”,是状语从句的一种,是一种非常常见的从句形式,用来提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,拥有三种形式。
①提出将来会发生的事:主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形
从句:should+动词原形/were to+动词原形
eg. If he should go to Harvard University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上哈佛大学的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了。
②提出现在的条件: 主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形从句:动词过去式
eg. If he studied at this school, he would know the enviornment around the school very much.如果他在这所学校学习的话,他会很了解周边环境。
③提出过去的未发生的条件:主句:主语+would/should/might/could have+动词过去分词
从句:had+动词过去分词
eg. If I had read the book, I would have told you about it.我如果看过本书,我会把内容告诉你了。
总结一下,也就是说:
与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式。如:If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。
与过去事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时。如:If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。
与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式。如:If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?
if后可以接虚拟语气。
(1)第一种是与现在事实相反,if从句谓语用过去式或者were。
(2)第二种是与过去事情相反,if从句谓语用过去完成时:had+过去分词。
(3)第三种是与将来事实相反,if从句谓语用动词过去式,should +动词原形,或were to+动词原形。
if双语例句
1.She gets very upset if I exclude her from anything
要是有什么事情我不让她参加,她会非常难过。
2.He asked if I had left with you, and I said no
他问我是否和你一块儿离开的,我说不是。
3.Sometimes, that standard is quite difficult, if not impossible, to achieve
有时即便有可能达到那个标准,那也是非常困难。
4.If I could just make another small point about the weightlifters in the Olympics
请允许我就有关奥运会举重运动员的问题再补充一点。
5.I wonder if you'd be kind enough to give us some information, please?
请问您能不能给我们提供一些信息?
if虚拟语气的三种形式:①对现在情况的虚拟、②对过去情况的虚拟、③对将来情况的虚拟。 一、对将来情况的虚拟
在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语动词可用should do,were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示,但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to do 的可能性最小。
主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形 从句:should+动词原形/were to+动词原形。
Eg:If he should go to Harvard University, he would make full use of his time.
如果他要上哈佛大学的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了。
二、对现在情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式,主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式,表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。
主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形
从句:动词过去式
Eg:If he studied at this school, he would know the enviornment around the school very much.
如果他在这所学校学习的话,他会很了解周边环境。
三、 对过去情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式,主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。 提出过去的未发生的条件
主句:主语+would/should/might/could have+动词过去分词
从句:had+动词过去分词
Eg:If I had read the book, I would have told you about it.