动词的一般过去式用法

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一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格,与现在无关。

基本结构:主语+谓语(动词过去式)+句子其他成分;主语+was/were+形容词/名词/介词短语+过去时间;否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。

【 过去时态 】表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。

【 过去时态结构 】是指过去时态下的 动词 形式的 语法 构成。

(1)表示过去经常发生的动作或者过去经常存在的状态。

常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday,just now,a moment ago,last week/ year/ night,in 1985,in those days,when I was at middle school等连用。

例如:

1.They went to college last year.

他们是去年上大学。

2.We had a good time in the park yesterday.

我们昨天在公园玩得很高兴。

(2)表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。

例如:

We played football first,then went boating and fishing,,and at last had a picnic there.

我们先踢足球,然后去划船、钓鱼。最后我们在那里野餐。

(3)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,表示过去将来的动作。

例如:

She told me that she would not leave until I came back.

她告诉我我回来她才会离开。

注意:

(1)表示过去经常或反复的动作,而现在却不这样做了,也可以用used to +动词原形来表示。

例如:

I used to get up very late.

我过去总是起床很晚。

(2)如果主句的谓语动词是现在完成时,since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。

例如:

We have made a lot of friends since we came here.

自从我们来到这里以来已经交了很多的朋友。

(3)谈论某人的出生日期经常用一般过去时。

例如:

—When were you born?

你是什么时候出生的?

—I was born in 1983.

我出生于1983年。

动词变化规则

一般动词直接加-ed,e.g.look-looked;

以e结尾的动词直接加-d,e.g.dance-danced;

辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加ed,e.g.study-stud i ed;

以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母(字母w,y,x除外),双写这个辅音字母加-ed,e.g.skip-ski pp ed;

以l结尾的动词,若以非重读音节结尾,则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可。其中不双写的是美式拼写。e.g.travel-trave ll ed/traveled(U.S.)。

部分以-p结尾的动词同样遵循第5条,这类词多由“前缀+名词”构成。e.g.worship-worshi pp ed/worshiped(U.S.)、handicap-handica pp ed/handicaped(U.S.)。

注: 英语26个字母中,除了a,e,i,o,u 这几个元音字母外,其他都是辅音字母。

不规则动词变化

动词过去式与原形相同;

动词过去式以-ought或-aught结尾;

动词过去式由原形结尾的-end变为-ent;

动词过去式以-elt,-eft,-ept结尾;

动词过去式与原形比较,其中一个元音字母发生改变;

动词过去式以-ew结尾;

动词过去式-ee-变为-e-。

不规则动词过去式

is-was

are-were

am-was

go-went

do,does-did

bring-brought

make-made

have-had

run-ran

tell-told

eat-ate

get-got

draw-drew

put -put

read-read

take-took

die-died

see-saw

fly-flew

cut-cut

meet-met

tell-told

build-built

lend-lent

lose-lost

hear-heard

buy-bought

choose-chose

forget-forgot

sink-sank

sing-sang

begin-began

swim-swam

ring-rang

drink-drank

fly-flew

draw-drew

lie-lay

wear-wore

know-knew

teach-taught

swim-swam

stand-stood

keep-kept

think-thought

其他变化

1.原形-过去式-过去分词 全相同

cost——cost——cost 价值

cut——cut——cut 切,割,砍

hit——hit——hit 打

hurt——hurt——hurt 伤害

read/ri:d/——read/red/——read/red/ 读

put——put——put 放

let——let——let 让

shut——shut——shut 关

2. 过去分词与原形相同, 过去式改o/u为a

become—became—become 变得,成为

come—came—come 来

run—ran—run 跑

3. 原形-过去式-过去分词是 i-a-u 的变化

begin—began—begun 开始

drink---drank—drunk 喝

ring---rang—rung 打电话

sing---sang---sung 唱(歌)

swim---swam---swum 游泳

4. 过去 分词在原形后加-en

eat—ate---eaten 吃

fall---fell—fallen 落下;跌倒

5. 过去式和过去分词 都去掉原形的一个e

feed---fed—fed 喂养,饲养

meet---met---met 碰到,见面,会面

6. 过去 分词在原形后加-n

blow—blew—blown 吹

grow—grew—grown 种植;生长

throw---threw---thrown 投;掷;扔

know---knew——known知道;懂得;认为

draw—drew—drawn 画

fly--- flew---flown飞

see --- saw --- seen 看见,看到

show---showed---shown 出示;给...看

give--- gave ---given 给

drive---drove---driven 驾驶

take---took---taken 拿去;带去

7. 过去 分词以-en结尾

bite--- bit --- bitten 咬

ride---rode---ridden 骑(车,马等)

write---wrote---written 写

break---broke---broken 弄坏,弄破

choose--chose--chosen 选择

speak---spoke---spoken 讲话;演讲

wake---woke---woken 使...醒来;弄醒

forget---forgot---forgotten 忘记

hide---hid---hidden 躲,藏

8. 过去 分词以-ne结尾

do --- did --- done 做,干

go --- went --- gone 去

9.过去式与过去分词都有aught结尾

catch---caught ---caught 捉住;抓住

teach---taught---taught 教

10.过去式和过去分词都以-ought结尾

bring---brought---brought 拿来;带来

buy ---bought ---bought 买

fight---fought---fought 打架;打仗

think---thought--thought 想;认为

teach---taught--taught 教 vt. 教;教导,训练;教授 vi. 教书

11.

dig ---dug ---dug 挖

get ---got---got 得到;获得

sit --- sat --- sat 坐下

hold---held ---held 举行;握住

shine --- shone --- shone 照耀

say--- said ---said 说

pay---paid---paid 付账;为...付款

make---made---made 制造;制作

tell --- told --- told 告诉

sell---sold---sold 卖

stand --- stood --- stood 站立

understand-understood-understood 明白;理解

find --- found --- found 发现

12. 过去式和过去分词 都在原形后加d或t

hear--heard--heard 听见;听说

mean --meant--meant 意思是

13. 过去式和过去分词 都以elt,eft或ept结尾

feel --- felt --- felt 感觉

keep --- kept --- kept 保持

sleep---slept---slept 睡觉

leave --- left --- left 离开

14 .

have --- had --- had 有

lose --- lost --- lost 丢失;迷失

build---built---built 建造;建设

send --- sent --- sent 寄;送

lend---lent---lent 借

spend --- spent --- spent 花费(时间,金钱)

15.

lie --- lay --- lain 躺;位于

wear --- wore --- worn 穿;戴

be ---was, were --- been 是

16. 只有过去式

can --- could 能

may --- might 可能,也许

shall---should 将要

will---would 将要

17. 过去式和过去分词 均有两个

burn-burned/burnt-burned/burnt 燃烧

dream-dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt 做梦;梦见

learn-learned/learnt-learned/learnt 学会

smell--smelled/smelt--smelled/smelt 闻

spell--spelled/spelt--spelled/spelt 拼写

一般过去时的用法

一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或状态,通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。

时间状语:yesterday,the day before yesterday,two days ago,long long ago,a minute ago,last year(week,month),just now,at that time,in those days.

过去时的用法:

1.有确定的过去时间状语时要用过去式。

例:We had a good time last week.

2.表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去式。

例:The boy closed the door,turned off the window,and then went to bed.

⒊ 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作,要用过去式。

例:She often came to help me at that time.

四.一般过去式的构成形式:☆Be动词的过去式:⑴肯定句:主语+ be动词的过去式(was,were)

例:He was ill yesterday. She was nine two years ago.They were my students long long ago.

⑵否定句:主语+ be动词的过去式(was,were)+ not

例:He was not ill yesterday.She was not nine two years ago.They were not my students long long ago.

⑶一般疑问句:直接把be动词提到句首。

例:Was he ill yesterday?

肯定回答:Yes,he was.

否定回答:No,he wasn't.Was she nine two

years ago? Yes,she was. / No,she wasn't.Were they your students long

long ago? Yes,they were. / No,they weren't.

☆实意动词的过去式:⑴肯定句:主语+动词的过去式

例:He played football last week.She watched TV last night.

⑵否定句:主语+ did not +动词原型

例:He did not play football last week.She didn’t watch TV last night.

⑶一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形 例:Did he play football last week?

回答:Yes,he did./ No,he didn't.

Did she watch TV last night?

回答:Yes,she did. / No,she didn’t.

特殊疑问句:确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:

They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?
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