Question

有关对数计算的所有公式

Answer 1

定义：
若a^n=b(a>0且a≠1)
则n=log(a)(b)
基本性质：
1、a^(log(a)(b))=b
2、log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N);
3、log(a)(M÷N)=log(a)(M)-log(a)(N);
4、log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)
推导
1、因为n=log(a)(b),代入则a^n=b,即a^(log(a)(b))=b.
2、MN=M×N
由基本性质1(换掉M和N)
a^[log(a)(MN)] = a^[log(a)(M)]×a^[log(a)(N)]
由指数的性质
a^[log(a)(MN)] = a^{[log(a)(M)] + [log(a)(N)]}
又因为指数函数是单调函数,所以
log(a)(MN) = log(a)(M) + log(a)(N)
3、与（2）类似处理
MN=M÷N
由基本性质1(换掉M和N)
a^[log(a)(M÷N)] = a^[log(a)(M)]÷a^[log(a)(N)]
由指数的性质
a^[log(a)(M÷N)] = a^{[log(a)(M)] - [log(a)(N)]}
又因为指数函数是单调函数,所以
log(a)(M÷N) = log(a)(M) - log(a)(N)
4、与（2）类似处理
M^n=M^n
由基本性质1(换掉M)
a^[log(a)(M^n)] = {a^[log(a)(M)]}^n
由指数的性质
a^[log(a)(M^n)] = a^{[log(a)(M)]*n}
又因为指数函数是单调函数,所以
log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)
基本性质4推广
log(a^n)(b^m)=m/n*[log(a)(b)]
推导如下：
由换底公式（换底公式见下面）[lnx是log(e)(x)e称作自然对数的底] log(a^n)(b^m)=ln(a^n)÷ln(b^n)
由基本性质4可得
log(a^n)(b^m) = [n×ln(a)]÷[m×ln(b)] = (m÷n)×{[ln(a)]÷[ln(b)]}
再由换底公式
log(a^n)(b^m)=m÷n×[log(a)(b)] --------------------------------------------（性质及推导 完）
其他性质
[编辑本段]
性质一：换底公式
log(a)(N)=log(b)(N)÷log(b)(a)
推导如下：
N = a^[log(a)(N)]
a = b^[log(b)(a)]
综合两式可得
N = {b^[log(b)(a)]}^[log(a)(N)] = b^{[log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)]}
又因为N=b^[log(b)(N)]
所以 b^[log(b)(N)] = b^{[log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)]}
所以 log(b)(N) = [log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)] {这步不明白或有疑问看上面的}
所以log(a)(N)=log(b)(N) / log(b)(a)
公式二：log(a)(b)=1/log(b)(a)
证明如下：
由换底公式 log(a)(b)=log(b)(b)/log(b)(a) ----取以b为底的对数
log(b)(b)=1 =1/log(b)(a) 还可变形得:log(a)(b)×log(b)(a)=1