英语的16种时态和具体用法
2023-11-26 · 百度认证:云南新华电脑职业培训学校官方账号
云南新华电脑学校
参照上表，由第1列至第4列（竖着看）对应的16种时态分别是：
1. 一般现在时，例句： We have six classes every day. 我们每天上六节课。
2. 现在进行时，例句：I am playing computer games now.我正在打电脑游戏。
3. 现在完成时，例句：She has been to New York twice. 她已经去过纽约两次。
4. 现在完成进行时，例句：He has been teaching math for 10 years.他已经教数学10年了。
5. 一般过去时，例句：I bought 2 comic books yesterday.昨天我买了2本漫画书。
6. 过去进行时，例句：We were playing basketball at 6 p.m. yesterday. 昨天下午6点我们正在打篮球。
7. 过去完成时，例句：The train had already left by the time I got to the station.在我到达车站前，火车就已经离开了。
8. 过去完成进行时，例句：At last he got the offer from the university he had been expecting.他终于收到了期盼已久的大学录取通知书。
9. 一般将来时，例句：I will go to Kunming tomorrow.我明天将会去昆明。
10. 将来进行时，例句：I will be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
明天的这个时候我正在做作业。
11. 将来完成时，例句：By this time next year, I will have graduated from the university. 到明年这个时候，我已经从大学毕业了。
12. 将来完成进行时，例句：By the time the sun rises, I shall have been sleeping for nine hours.太阳升起来之前，我已经睡了9个小时了。
13. 过去将来时，例句：I knew that she would be late.我知道她会迟到。
14. 过去将来进行时，例句：They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。
15. 过去将来完成时（较少使用），例句：He said he would have paid me back the money by the end of the weekend. 他说将在周末前还我钱。
16. 过去将来完成进行时（很少使用）【表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间。】，例句：He said that by the end of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years. 他说到了春季学期末，他就学了三年英语了。
英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式.
是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式.因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式.
英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时
下面就英语中常见的十种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这十种时态的基础上结合而成的.
时态 - 一、 一般现在时
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况.
2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词.
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words..
时态 - 二、 一般过去时
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为.
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词.
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
时态 - 三、 现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为.
2.时间状语：now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen
3.基本结构：be+doing
4.否定形式：be+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首.
6.例句： How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
时态 - 四、 过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作.
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等.
3.基本结构 s+was/were+doing
4.否定形式：s+was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首.(第一个字母大写）
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
时态 - 五、 现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.
2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句：have或has.
6.例句：I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
时态 - 六、 过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”.
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首.
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
时态 - 七、 一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事.
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：am/is/are not going to do ；will/shall not do.
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首.
6.例句：They are going to have a petition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
时态 - 八、 过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中.
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were+going to + do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首.
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
时态 - 九、将来完成时
1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）
3.基本结构：be going to/will/shall + have done
4例句:By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area.
时态 - 十、现在完成进行时
1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作.这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来.
2.基本结构：have/has +been+doing
3.时间状语：since+时间点,for+时间段等.
4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.
The chirdren have been watching TV since six o'clock.
时态 - 十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能.但是,可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中.请看：
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
时态 - 十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等.此短语可与进行时态转换.请看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
时态 - 十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, e, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作.如：I am ing, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
时态 - 互相转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式：
时态 - 十六种时态
所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段,即：现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种；所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时说呈现的状态,有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态或完成进行状态四种.由时和态结合,便形成下列十六种时态：
一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时；
现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时；
现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时；
现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时．
