linux c++ 怎么 调用自己函数的
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实验平台:ubuntu 12.04 + g++4.6 + matlab2012a
问题描述:
有一个c++程序main.cpp,和一个matlab函数myFunc.m。现在要做这件事:
1)从main.cpp中传递2个double类型的数值a和b到myFunc.m中
2)myFunc.m中求和(sum = a+b)
3)main.cpp中接收myFunc.m返回的和并输出。
思路:
1)设置matlab的编译器,使用gcc编译器。编译m文件成.so。
2)编译.cpp文件,编译时调用.so库(添加.so的路径到编译选项)。
步骤:
1)将自己的matlab函数(myFunc.m)编译成动态链接库
(1) 设定编译器为gcc,在matlab 命令行依次执行命令mex -setup和mbuild -setup:
>> mex -setup Options files control which compiler to use, the compiler and link command options, and the runtime libraries to link against. Using the 'mex -setup' command selects an options file that is placed in ~/.matlab/R2012a and used by default for 'mex'. An options file in the current working directory or specified on the command line overrides the default options file in ~/.matlab/R2012a. To override the default options file, use the 'mex -f' command (see 'mex -help' for more information).The options files available for mex are: 1: /opt/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/mexopts.sh : Template Options file for building gcc MEX-files 0: Exit with no changesEnter the number of the compiler (0-1):1/opt/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/mexopts.sh is being copied to ~/.matlab/R2012a/mexopts.shcp: cannot create regular file `~/.matlab/R2012a/mexopts.sh': Permission denied************************************************************************** Warning: The MATLAB C and Fortran API has changed to support MATLAB variables with more than 2^32-1 elements. In the near future you will be required to update your code to utilize the new API. You can find more information about this at: http://www.mathworks.com/help/techdoc/matlab_external/bsflnue-1.html Building with the -largeArrayDims option enables the new API. **************************************************************************>> mbuild -setup Options files control which compiler to use, the compiler and link command options, and the runtime libraries to link against. Using the 'mbuild -setup' command selects an options file that is placed in ~/.matlab/R2012a and used by default for 'mbuild'. An options file in the current working directory or specified on the command line overrides the default options file in ~/.matlab/R2012a. To override the default options file, use the 'mbuild -f' command (see 'mbuild -help' for more information).The options files available for mbuild are: 1: /opt/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/mbuildopts.sh : Build and link with MATLAB Compiler generated library via the system ANSI C/C++ compiler 0: Exit with no changesEnter the number of the compiler (0-1):1/opt/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/mbuildopts.sh is being copied to ~/.matlab/R2012a/mbuildopts.shcp: cannot create regular file `~/.matlab/R2012a/mbuildopts.sh': Permission denied>>
(2) 在matlab中,编写myFunc.m文件内容如下:
function [ C ] = myFunc(A, B)C = A+B;end
(3) 生成myFunc.m的动态链接库(.so)
>> mcc -W cpplib:libmyFunc -T link:lib myFunc.m -cWarning: MATLAB Toolbox Path Cache is out of date and is not being used.Type 'help toolbox_path_cache' for more info >>
等待数秒,完成。可以看到myFunc.m所在的目录下生成了多个文件:
$ lslibmyFunc.cpp libmyFunc.ctf libmyFunc.exports libmyFunc.h libmyFunc.so main.cpp mccExcludedFiles.log myFunc.m readme.txt
命
令解释:其中-W是控制编译之后的封装格式;cpplib是指编译成C++的lib;cpplib冒号后面是指编译的库的名字;-T表示目
标,link:lib表示要连接到一个库文件的目标,目标的名字即是.m函数的名字。-c表明需要生成.ctf文件,比如本例如果不加-c就不会生成
“libmyFunc.ctf”。
生成的文件中打开“libmyFunc.h”可以看到一行:
extern LIB_libmyFunc_CPP_API void MW_CALL_CONV myFunc(int nargout, mwArray& C, const mwArray& A, const mwArray& B);
这
个就是我们的myFunc.c函数待会儿在c++中调用时的接口。有4个参数,第一个是参数个数,第二个是用来接收函数返回值的,后面2个是从c++中传
递进来的变量。我们还会用到“libmyFunc.h”中的另外2个函数:libmyFuncInitialize()初始化,和注销
libmyFuncTerminate()。
2)编写main.cpp,代码如下:
#include <iostream>#include "mclmcr.h"#include "matrix.h"#include "mclcppclass.h"#include "libmyFunc.h"#include "mclmcrrt.h"using namespace std;int main() { // initialize lib,这里必须做初始化! if( !libmyFuncInitialize()) { std::cout << "Could not initialize libmyFunc!" << std::endl; return -1; } // 用户输入2个数值 double a, b; cout<<"Please input 2 numbers <a b> and then press enter: "<<endl; cin >> a; cin >> b; double c; //used to receive the result // 为变量分配内存空间, maltab只有一种变量,就是矩阵,为了和c++变量接轨,设置成1*1的矩阵 mwArray mwA(1, 1, mxDOUBLE_CLASS); //1,1表示矩阵的大小, mxDOUBLE_CLASS表示变量的精度 mwArray mwB(1, 1, mxDOUBLE_CLASS); mwArray mwC(1, 1, mxDOUBLE_CLASS); // 调用类里面的SetData函数给类赋值 mwA.SetData(&a, 1); mwB.SetData(&b, 1); // 调用自己的函数,求和。 myFunc(1, mwC, mwA, mwB); c = mwC.Get(1, 1); cout<<"The sum is: "<<c<<endl; // 后面是一些终止调用的程序 // terminate the lib libmyFuncTerminate(); // terminate MCR mclTerminateApplication(); return EXIT_SUCCESS;}
3)编译main.cpp函数,调用libmyFunc.so
$ g++ -o main -I. -I/opt/MATLAB/R2012a/extern/include -L. -L/opt/MATLAB/R2012a/runtime/glnxa64 main.cpp -lmyFunc -lm -lmwmclmcrrt -lmwmclmcr
开始编译时也遇到一些问题,主要是链接库路径问题导致的编译错误,详细错误汇总在另篇笔记里(点此查看)。
编译成功后,需要装一下MCR Installer,步骤点此。
运行结果:
$ ./main Warning: latest version of matlab app-defaults file not found.Contact your system administrator to have this file installedPlease input 2 numbers <a b> and then press enter: 10 100The sum is: 110$ ./main Warning: latest version of matlab app-defaults file not found.Contact your system administrator to have this file installedPlease input 2 numbers <a b> and then press enter: 1 1The sum is: 2
源代码及编译过程中的所有文件已打包,点击这里可以下载。
问题描述:
有一个c++程序main.cpp,和一个matlab函数myFunc.m。现在要做这件事:
1)从main.cpp中传递2个double类型的数值a和b到myFunc.m中
2)myFunc.m中求和(sum = a+b)
3)main.cpp中接收myFunc.m返回的和并输出。
思路:
1)设置matlab的编译器,使用gcc编译器。编译m文件成.so。
2)编译.cpp文件,编译时调用.so库(添加.so的路径到编译选项)。
步骤:
1)将自己的matlab函数(myFunc.m)编译成动态链接库
(1) 设定编译器为gcc,在matlab 命令行依次执行命令mex -setup和mbuild -setup:
>> mex -setup Options files control which compiler to use, the compiler and link command options, and the runtime libraries to link against. Using the 'mex -setup' command selects an options file that is placed in ~/.matlab/R2012a and used by default for 'mex'. An options file in the current working directory or specified on the command line overrides the default options file in ~/.matlab/R2012a. To override the default options file, use the 'mex -f' command (see 'mex -help' for more information).The options files available for mex are: 1: /opt/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/mexopts.sh : Template Options file for building gcc MEX-files 0: Exit with no changesEnter the number of the compiler (0-1):1/opt/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/mexopts.sh is being copied to ~/.matlab/R2012a/mexopts.shcp: cannot create regular file `~/.matlab/R2012a/mexopts.sh': Permission denied************************************************************************** Warning: The MATLAB C and Fortran API has changed to support MATLAB variables with more than 2^32-1 elements. In the near future you will be required to update your code to utilize the new API. You can find more information about this at: http://www.mathworks.com/help/techdoc/matlab_external/bsflnue-1.html Building with the -largeArrayDims option enables the new API. **************************************************************************>> mbuild -setup Options files control which compiler to use, the compiler and link command options, and the runtime libraries to link against. Using the 'mbuild -setup' command selects an options file that is placed in ~/.matlab/R2012a and used by default for 'mbuild'. An options file in the current working directory or specified on the command line overrides the default options file in ~/.matlab/R2012a. To override the default options file, use the 'mbuild -f' command (see 'mbuild -help' for more information).The options files available for mbuild are: 1: /opt/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/mbuildopts.sh : Build and link with MATLAB Compiler generated library via the system ANSI C/C++ compiler 0: Exit with no changesEnter the number of the compiler (0-1):1/opt/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/mbuildopts.sh is being copied to ~/.matlab/R2012a/mbuildopts.shcp: cannot create regular file `~/.matlab/R2012a/mbuildopts.sh': Permission denied>>
(2) 在matlab中,编写myFunc.m文件内容如下:
function [ C ] = myFunc(A, B)C = A+B;end
(3) 生成myFunc.m的动态链接库(.so)
>> mcc -W cpplib:libmyFunc -T link:lib myFunc.m -cWarning: MATLAB Toolbox Path Cache is out of date and is not being used.Type 'help toolbox_path_cache' for more info >>
等待数秒,完成。可以看到myFunc.m所在的目录下生成了多个文件:
$ lslibmyFunc.cpp libmyFunc.ctf libmyFunc.exports libmyFunc.h libmyFunc.so main.cpp mccExcludedFiles.log myFunc.m readme.txt
命
令解释:其中-W是控制编译之后的封装格式;cpplib是指编译成C++的lib;cpplib冒号后面是指编译的库的名字;-T表示目
标,link:lib表示要连接到一个库文件的目标,目标的名字即是.m函数的名字。-c表明需要生成.ctf文件,比如本例如果不加-c就不会生成
“libmyFunc.ctf”。
生成的文件中打开“libmyFunc.h”可以看到一行:
extern LIB_libmyFunc_CPP_API void MW_CALL_CONV myFunc(int nargout, mwArray& C, const mwArray& A, const mwArray& B);
这
个就是我们的myFunc.c函数待会儿在c++中调用时的接口。有4个参数,第一个是参数个数,第二个是用来接收函数返回值的,后面2个是从c++中传
递进来的变量。我们还会用到“libmyFunc.h”中的另外2个函数:libmyFuncInitialize()初始化,和注销
libmyFuncTerminate()。
2)编写main.cpp,代码如下:
#include <iostream>#include "mclmcr.h"#include "matrix.h"#include "mclcppclass.h"#include "libmyFunc.h"#include "mclmcrrt.h"using namespace std;int main() { // initialize lib,这里必须做初始化! if( !libmyFuncInitialize()) { std::cout << "Could not initialize libmyFunc!" << std::endl; return -1; } // 用户输入2个数值 double a, b; cout<<"Please input 2 numbers <a b> and then press enter: "<<endl; cin >> a; cin >> b; double c; //used to receive the result // 为变量分配内存空间, maltab只有一种变量,就是矩阵,为了和c++变量接轨,设置成1*1的矩阵 mwArray mwA(1, 1, mxDOUBLE_CLASS); //1,1表示矩阵的大小, mxDOUBLE_CLASS表示变量的精度 mwArray mwB(1, 1, mxDOUBLE_CLASS); mwArray mwC(1, 1, mxDOUBLE_CLASS); // 调用类里面的SetData函数给类赋值 mwA.SetData(&a, 1); mwB.SetData(&b, 1); // 调用自己的函数,求和。 myFunc(1, mwC, mwA, mwB); c = mwC.Get(1, 1); cout<<"The sum is: "<<c<<endl; // 后面是一些终止调用的程序 // terminate the lib libmyFuncTerminate(); // terminate MCR mclTerminateApplication(); return EXIT_SUCCESS;}
3)编译main.cpp函数,调用libmyFunc.so
$ g++ -o main -I. -I/opt/MATLAB/R2012a/extern/include -L. -L/opt/MATLAB/R2012a/runtime/glnxa64 main.cpp -lmyFunc -lm -lmwmclmcrrt -lmwmclmcr
开始编译时也遇到一些问题,主要是链接库路径问题导致的编译错误,详细错误汇总在另篇笔记里(点此查看)。
编译成功后,需要装一下MCR Installer,步骤点此。
运行结果:
$ ./main Warning: latest version of matlab app-defaults file not found.Contact your system administrator to have this file installedPlease input 2 numbers <a b> and then press enter: 10 100The sum is: 110$ ./main Warning: latest version of matlab app-defaults file not found.Contact your system administrator to have this file installedPlease input 2 numbers <a b> and then press enter: 1 1The sum is: 2
源代码及编译过程中的所有文件已打包,点击这里可以下载。
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可能是这样,a.cpp,a.h在文件夹f1中,b.cpp,b.h在文件夹2中,c.cpp,c.h也在文件夹1中,按你说的,a.cpp中引用了一个b.cpp中的函数,但是a.cpp和a.h中都没有找到对应的函数声明,那么有可能是这样,a.h引用了b.h,而b.h又引用了c.h。
a.cpp中的fun1()要在b.cpp中使用,那么其实可以这样,在b.cpp中使用fun1()之前,先声明下fun1(),前提是b.cpp要包含a.cpp的头文件并且fun1()也在a.cpp的头文件中声明。
a.cpp中的fun1()要在b.cpp中使用,那么其实可以这样,在b.cpp中使用fun1()之前,先声明下fun1(),前提是b.cpp要包含a.cpp的头文件并且fun1()也在a.cpp的头文件中声明。
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