Question

倒装句是什么结构？

Answer 1

倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前.此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时.常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run.
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词.
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装.
Here he comes. Away they went.
倒装句之部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前.如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前.
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等.
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装.
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装.
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题.当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构. 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等.本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D 中选一个.
改写为正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了.

以否定词开头作部分倒装

如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置).这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等.
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构.如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构.
Not only you but also I am fond of music.

so, neither, nor作部分倒装

表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装.
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心",因此句子应倒装.A错在用 don't 再次否定, C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词. D缺乏连词.
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构.意为"的确如此".
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.

only在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）.
注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词.
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后.如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用.

其他部分倒装

1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装.
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装.
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首,要求用部分倒装的句子结构.
2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
答案为B.
3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构,表示"也不".由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句,表示前一情况的重复出现.其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中.

Answer 2

英语部分倒装的五种常用句式

英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序则叫倒装语序。按倒装的形式，倒装可分为类，一是部分倒装，二是完全倒装。前者指主语和助动词倒置，后者指主语和谓语完全倒置。
部分倒装即将主语与助动词倒置，其结构与一般疑问句大致相同。英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有以下几种：
1. 在正式文体中，never, hardly, seldom, little, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装。如：
Seldom does he read in his free hours. 他空余时间很少看书。
By no means should he be left alone. 绝不能把他单独留下。
Hardly could the old man stand on his feet in the flaw. 老人在这阵狂风中几乎站不住了。
Never will you achieve anything if you spend your time that way. 你若总是这样消磨时间，就永远不会有所成就。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。
Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
注：某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装。如：
In no case should you give up. 你绝不能放弃。
On no accounts can my name be mentioned to anyone. 我的名字是绝不能向任何人提起的。
但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序，因为该短语并不表示否定意义。如：
In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。
2. 当状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后通常要用部分倒装的形式。如：
Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有这样，才能保住我们的荣誉。
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。
3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式(so用于前后为肯定的情况，neither / nor用于前后为否定的情况)。如：
He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。
He didn’t see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。
She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美，她妈妈年轻时也很美。
注：注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别。如：
“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
“Father, you promised.” “Well, so I did.” “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”
4. 当so…that… 结构中的“so+形容词或副词”结构位于句首时，其后用部分倒装的形式。如：
So easy was the task that they finished it in a few days. 那项工作很容易, 他们几天就完成了。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话声音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。
5. 当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句。如：
Had you listened to me, you wouldn't have made so many mistakes. 如果你听了我的话，你不会犯这么多错误。
Should it be necessary, I could come at six. 如果确有需要，我可以六点钟来。
Were it not for your help, I wouldn't be doing so well. 若不是你帮忙，我现在不会干得这样好。
注：省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词。如：
Had I enough money, I would buy a new car. 如果我有足够的钱，我就去买一辆新车。