主谓一致有奥妙,遵循原则很重要_主谓一致
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摘 要:在英语句子里,谓语动词应在人称和数两方面与主语保持一致,可遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。 关键词:主谓一致;遵循原则 英语的一致关系中的其中一条就是要求句子的谓语动词要与主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就是主谓一致。问题的关键是要弄清楚到底与哪一个词语保持一致,确定主语的原则是什么,一般来说,主谓一致要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
一、语法一致原则
1.单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Reading aloud is very important in learning English.
学习英语时大声朗读非常重要。
Whether we’11 go depends on the weather.
我们是否去取决于天气。
注意:在what引导的主语从句中,如果表语是复数,谓语动词用复数。
What we need are good teachers.
我们需要的是好老师。
2.用and(或both…and)连接并列主语时,谓语动词常用复数。
Both industry and agriculture have been greatly developed these years.
这几年工农业大大地发展了。
注意:
(1)当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西或表示同一个人或一种概念时,谓语动词要用单数。
The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.
这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。
A needle and thread was given to her.
针线都给了她。
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的如:
iron and steel钢铁
bread and butter黄油面包
a knife and fork刀叉
(2)凡是由each…and each…,every…and every…,no…and no…,many a...and many a…连接名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。
3.复数主语与each连用时,不受each的影响谓语动词仍用复数。
The old workers and the young each have their own tools.
每一位年老的和年轻的工人都有自己的工具。
4.主语后有as well as,with,rather than,but,like,except,besides,including等词或短语时,谓语动词的形式不受这些短语的影响。
Your father as well as you is very kind to me.
不仅你而且你父亲对我都很好。
5.不定代词作主语
(1)不定代词anyone,somebody,something,no one,nobody,nothing,等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Nobody knows the answer.没有人知道答案。
(2)不定代词none和neither既可表单数概念,也可表复数概念。其单复数含义要根据说话人的意思决定。
None of them have/has a computer.
他们都没有电脑。/他们没有一个人有电脑。
注意:当none,all作主语指不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
None of the money in the drawer is mine.
抽屉里的钱没有一点是我的。
6.“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,尽管意义上表示复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
[例1](2010年高考陕西卷)It is reported that many a new house_at present in the disaster area.
A.are being built B.were being built
C.was being built D.is being built
[解析]句意:据报道,许多新房屋正在灾区拔地而起。从句中many a house作主语,“many a+单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词应用单数,可排除A、B。时间状语at present(目前),要用现在进行时,所以答案选D。
7.“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
One and a half apples has been eaten by the boy.
那个男孩吃了一个半苹果。
8.“one of+复数名词十定语从句”结构中,定语从句一般修饰复数名词,故从句谓语动词常用复数;但若one前有the,the only等对其进行修饰,则从句主语为one,从句谓语动词用单数。
This is one of the rooms that were damaged by the fire.
这是那次大火烧毁的房间中的一间。
[例2](2010年高考全国卷Ⅱ)Barbara is easy to recognize as she is the only one of the women who an evening dress.
一、语法一致原则
1.单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Reading aloud is very important in learning English.
学习英语时大声朗读非常重要。
Whether we’11 go depends on the weather.
我们是否去取决于天气。
注意:在what引导的主语从句中,如果表语是复数,谓语动词用复数。
What we need are good teachers.
我们需要的是好老师。
2.用and(或both…and)连接并列主语时,谓语动词常用复数。
Both industry and agriculture have been greatly developed these years.
这几年工农业大大地发展了。
注意:
(1)当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西或表示同一个人或一种概念时,谓语动词要用单数。
The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.
这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。
A needle and thread was given to her.
针线都给了她。
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的如:
iron and steel钢铁
bread and butter黄油面包
a knife and fork刀叉
(2)凡是由each…and each…,every…and every…,no…and no…,many a...and many a…连接名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。
3.复数主语与each连用时,不受each的影响谓语动词仍用复数。
The old workers and the young each have their own tools.
每一位年老的和年轻的工人都有自己的工具。
4.主语后有as well as,with,rather than,but,like,except,besides,including等词或短语时,谓语动词的形式不受这些短语的影响。
Your father as well as you is very kind to me.
不仅你而且你父亲对我都很好。
5.不定代词作主语
(1)不定代词anyone,somebody,something,no one,nobody,nothing,等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Nobody knows the answer.没有人知道答案。
(2)不定代词none和neither既可表单数概念,也可表复数概念。其单复数含义要根据说话人的意思决定。
None of them have/has a computer.
他们都没有电脑。/他们没有一个人有电脑。
注意:当none,all作主语指不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
None of the money in the drawer is mine.
抽屉里的钱没有一点是我的。
6.“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,尽管意义上表示复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
[例1](2010年高考陕西卷)It is reported that many a new house_at present in the disaster area.
A.are being built B.were being built
C.was being built D.is being built
[解析]句意:据报道,许多新房屋正在灾区拔地而起。从句中many a house作主语,“many a+单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词应用单数,可排除A、B。时间状语at present(目前),要用现在进行时,所以答案选D。
7.“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
One and a half apples has been eaten by the boy.
那个男孩吃了一个半苹果。
8.“one of+复数名词十定语从句”结构中,定语从句一般修饰复数名词,故从句谓语动词常用复数;但若one前有the,the only等对其进行修饰,则从句主语为one,从句谓语动词用单数。
This is one of the rooms that were damaged by the fire.
这是那次大火烧毁的房间中的一间。
[例2](2010年高考全国卷Ⅱ)Barbara is easy to recognize as she is the only one of the women who an evening dress.
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