有关于英语句子结构分析
【篇一】有关于英语句子结构分析
1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。如：
It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。如：
Mother bought me a VCR. 妈给我买了一台录像机。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。如：
Be careful! 小心!
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
His job is looking after sheep. 他的任务是看羊。
4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。如：
He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。如：
He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
I found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很难拒绝他。
6. 定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后(详见形容词一章)。如：
It's an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。
Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗?
Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
7. 状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。如：
We like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。
Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。
She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看书。
United we stand, divided we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。
8. 同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。如：
This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。
We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。
9. 独立成分：与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。如：
He's a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。
Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪，考试他竟然通过了。
【篇二】有关于英语句子结构分析
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
1)主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如：
Students study. (学生学习。)
We are friends.(我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。
2)谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如：
Students study. (学生学习。)
We are friends. (我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。
3)宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：
They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。)
I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)
这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。
4)定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如：
This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)
He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩。)
这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词，它们作定语。
5)状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：
The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。)
I often write to him. (我常给他写信。)
The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。)
这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。
6)表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。)
通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下：
(定语) 主语 (状语) 谓语 (定语) 宾语 (状语)
如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
(The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday.
请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分
1)I have two elder sisters. (我有两个姐姐。)
2) They don't swim very well.(他们游泳不太好。)
3) Do you go to school every day? (你每天去上学吗?)
4) I really want a cup of tea.(我真的想要一杯茶。)
5) Miss Smith teaches English very well.(史密斯先生教英语非常好。)
语法其实并没有一些人想象的那么可怕，其实里面有很多趣味。
【篇三】有关于英语句子结构分析
英语句子结构分析
The English sentence structure analysis
英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句，就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句，下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。
The English sentence is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences. The so-called simple sentence, is a sentence containing only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Complex sentences into compound sentences and complex sentences, we have the following the three cases tries brief analysis.
1、简单句
In 1, the simple sentence
简单句，即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上，英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式：
A simple sentence, i.e. only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Except in special cases, the English sentence has a subject, the predicate ( or a ), sometimes the object; in addition to a special sentence pattern, under normal circumstances, subject, predicate, object order is fixed, can not be the object to the predicate or predicate to the front, ahead of subject. At present a lot of grammar books are English simple sentence is classified into five basic sentence patterns. In fact, English simple sentences can be simplified into three forms:
主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语;I hate grammar.
Subject + verb ( transitive verb + object ); I hate grammar.
主语 + 谓语(不及物动词); Grammar sucks.
Subject + verb ( transitive verb ); Grammar sucks.
主语 + 系动词 + 表语 Grammar is hell.
Subject + Verb + / Grammar is hell.
所以，我们在阅读句子的时候，不管句子有多长，不管是并列句还是复合句，都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语)，有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。
Therefore, we read the sentence, no matter how long sentence, whether a compound or a complex sentence, must first distinguish the subject of a sentence, the predicate ( or a ), some sentences are also included in the object. Because the subject, object, predicate in English sentence trunk, captures the sentence trunk, basic sentence meaning clear.
2、并列句
In 2, the compound sentence
并列句就是两个或以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词：and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise，but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子，一般情况下是以连词为界限，将句子分成前、后几个部分，并分别来分析，各句的意思一般可以单独理解，最后将各句合并即可。
The compound sentence is two or more simple sentences, indicated by a parallel relation conjunction or punctuation and connected. Common conjunctions: and, not only... But also, neither... Nor... Or, either... Or... Otherwise, but, yet, while, so, for etc.. Reading encountered in juxtaposed relation sentence, under normal circumstances is to conjunctions as boundaries, the sentence into several portions, respectively, and to analyze the sentence meaning, generally can be individually understood, finally merging each sentence can be.
I hate grammar, / while he loves it. (以while为界，可分为前后两个小句子)
I hate / while he loves grammar, it. ( with while as the boundary, can be divided into two. )
3、 主从复合句
In 3, the complex sentence
主从复合句即是复杂句，它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不同的是，各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的，所以我们不能简单地把各个句子拆开来看，而必须将各分句综合起来进行理解。有时候，分句里面有可能还包含分句。
The complex sentence is a complex sentence, it is composed of more than two sentences. And the difference is, the clauses mean are closely linked, so we can't simply take each sentence apart, and must be integrated to understand the clauses. Sometimes, there may also contain clauses clauses.
说到从句，我们还要介绍一下英语中的三大从句：名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。三大从句之下又包括纷繁复杂的从句形式：
When it comes to clauses, we also introduce the three clauses in English: noun clauses, adjective clauses and adverbial clauses. The three clause is included complex clause form:
名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句， 同位语从句
The noun clause: the subject clause, the object clause, predicative clause, apposition clause
形容词性从句(定语从句)：限制性，非限制性
Adjective clause ( attributive clause ): restriction, unrestricted
副词性从句(状语从句)：时间，地点，原因，条件，目的，让步，方式，结果
Adverb clauses ( clause ): time, place, reason, condition, concession, purpose, means, result
看到这里，可能有些同学又会产生抵触情绪了，其实这些细致的划分我们可以跳过，对于具体句子中的从句如何解决其实很简单，你只需知道从句做什么成分就可以了，从句做什么成分，就是个什么功能的从句。
See here, some students may also be conflicted emotions, in fact, the detailed classification we can skip, for in a specific sentence that how to solve it is actually very simple, you just need to know that what ingredients can be, clause do component, is what the function of clause.
The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone. (表语)
The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone. ( predicative )
What the ugly man chooses is living alone.(主语)
What the ugly man chooses is living alone. ( subject )
We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.(宾语)
We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone. ( object )
The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone. (同位语)
The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone. ( appositive )
The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.(定语)
The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone. ( attribute )
Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.(状语)
Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone. ( adverbial )
在阅读这样的复杂句的时候，首先要找出主句或从句从哪儿开始，到哪儿结束，首先理解主句的意思，最后再把从句的内容与主句综合起来。
In reading such a complex sentence, clause or clause must first find out where to start, where the first end, understand the main point, finally the clause content clause together.
