Question

[动词非谓语形式]非谓语动词的用法总结

Answer 1

动词不定式

(一) 时态

1. 一般式

动词不定式的一般式表示与谓语动词同时或之后的行为。如： I want to have a rest

I plan to attend the meeting 2. 完成式

不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的行为。如： I ’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 3进行式

不定式的动作如果同谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生则使用不定式的进行式。如： They seemed to be talking about something important. 4. 完成进行式

不定式的完成进行式表示在谓语动词之前已经发生，并且一直进行着的动作。如： He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years. （二）动词不定式用法：

1. 作主语

To master English gives us much help in the study of science 2. 作宾语

I want to leave here soon. He pretended to be a doctor. 3. 作表语

The most important thing is to study hard. 4. 作宾语补足语

不定式作定语必须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。 I have no time to talk with her. 6. 作状语

不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。 I came here to learn from you ( 目的) I ’m very glad to heard the news。（原因） He is old enough to go to school.(结果) To look at him ,you can’t help laughing.

Notes:

7. 不定式的复合结构。如：I found it hard for them to finish the work in such a short time. It was clever of him to find his way here.

分词

（一） 闲着分词与过去分词的区别：

1. 现在分词表主动；过去分词表被动：Burning forest; burned skin

2. 现在分词表示动作正在进行；而过去分词表示的动作已完成：eg: developing country;

developed country

分词担当的句子成分

（1）定语 eg: They decided to change the material used

(2)状语 分词常用来作状语，表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步和伴随情况。分词作状语，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。

Relying on our own efforts , we can overcome all the difficulties( 表原因) Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy (表 时间)

The teacher walked about the classroom, using his hands to help him in his explanation(表方式) The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it (结果)

The students went out of the school, laughing and talking (表方式或伴随情况) Given better attention, the trees could grow better.

为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时刻在分词前加上when;while;if 等连词 When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with her.

If translated word by word, the sentence will be meaningless.

分词有时也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，分词独立主格结构，在很多情况下，表示时间、原因、条件或伴随情况

Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Wednesday (条件) We went far into the forest, her father acting as guide.( 伴随情况)

So many people being absent, we decided to put the meeting off.（原因） 3. 表语

The news is exciting ; She looked disappointed 4. 宾语补足语

Don ’t you see him coming towards us

现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生。 Having finished his homework, the boy began to watch Tv (2)被动式

现在分词的被动形式不仅表示被动的动作，而且表示这个动作正在进行；或这个动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。现在分词的被动形式主要作定语、状语和宾语补足语。 The pidge being built there will be one of the longest in China Being surrounded ,the enemy were forced to put down their guns (3)完成被动式

Having been given such a good chance, how could she give it up.

动名词

用法：

1. 主语：Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language. 2. 表语 Their job is building houses

3. 宾语 I enjoy seeing you and talking about old times

Need, want 后面的动名词具有被动意义。 Eg: Your suit needs ironing 4. 定语

动名词表示的多是被修饰的名词的功能、用途。 Eg: walking stick; walking tractor.

Children enjoy reading picture-story books (一般式) I apologize for not having kept my promise. (完成式) She didn’t mind being left alone at home

动名词的逻辑主语： 动名词可以用物主代词或名词所有格来修饰，表示动名词逻辑上的主语。Do you mind my making a suggestion? 但在非正式英语中，尤其是当动名词在句子中作宾语时，更常见的是用人称代词宾格和普通格的名词修饰动名词

Do you mind me making a suggestion?

I ’m pleased with John pay his income tax in time.