2014年1月SAT真题解析:填空题
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Section 2
1. Jim was so opposed to any type of change that he ------- even the most beneficial of -------.
A. blamed......customs
B. presented.......inventions
C. welcomed.......reforms
D. anticipated.......results
E. resisted.......improvements
解析: so....that的因果关系,所以前后同义,第一空应与oppose(反对)同义,第二空是beneficial of...应为正向词,故E最合适。
翻译:Jim 反对任何形式的改变,甚至是最有助于提高的(改变也反对)。
2. Eager to enlist as a soldier during the American Revolution, Deborah Sampson Gannett successfully------- the military’s gender boundary by donning men’s clothing and ------ a male identity.
A. delineated........flaunting
B. circumvented........assuming
C. reinstated.......mimicking
D. denounced......inventing
E. skirted........disguising
解析: 从前半句可知,为了要参军,D这个人成功的怎么样了性别界限,说明这人是个女的,所以规避这组词可选,故第一空B,E正确,第二空,她通过穿上男人的衣服并且要装得像男人,所以排除了disguise(掩饰)。assume 这个词作动词时可翻译为“装,做作”等意思=affect=act。所以正确答案为B
翻译:Deborah很想注册入伍,她通过穿上男人衣服装扮男性,成功地规避了军队的性别界限。
3. For a cycling tourist, -------is paramount: situation inevitably arise that require a cyclist to be alert and keen witted.
A. deference
B. perseverance
C. munificence
D. alacrity
E. vigilance
解析:冒号解释题,线索为alert and keen witted。故答案为E。
翻译:对于一个骑车的旅行者,警惕是至关重要的:这种情况要求车手要机警。
4. The problem of soil degradation is -------: few, if any, agriculturally important regions are unaffected by it.
A. recent
B. modest
C. subtle
D. global
E. finished
解析:冒号解释题,线索为冒号后:几乎没有地区没被影响,所以土地恶化波及很广,故选D。
翻译:土地恶化问题波及甚广,几乎没有一个以农业生产为主的地区没有受到影响。 5. Lauren was often labeled easygoing because she tended to appear mild and ------ rather than tense and -------.
A. sullen......serious
B. relaxed......excitable
C. joyful.....intelligent
D. slow......patient
E. likable......humorous
解析:并列关系题,第一空为mild同义词,第二空为tense同义词,或easygoing反义词。两空的逻辑方向也是反的,故答案为A。
翻译:人们都知道Lauren很随和,因为她喜欢显得温和而轻松而不是很紧绷而易激动。
6. The poet’s publisher cautioned her against overusing -------language, but the poet preferred the lively, informal dialect of her hometown.
A. vernacular
B. superannuated
C. bombastic
D. austere
E. erudite
解析:转折关系,诗人喜欢用生动和非正式的方言,而出版商警告他不要过多运用什么,故答案为A。 Superannuated之前SAT考试中没有出现过,大家把这个词放到“过时的”意群里去。从词根中我们也可看出super-:over; -ann-:year。
翻译:出版商警告诗人不要过多运用方言,但是诗人喜欢用自己家乡生动的、不那么正式的家乡话。
7. Essayist Michel de Montaigne cultivated a contemplative prose style that seems to meander with his thoughts, thereby making his essays------- and filled with ------.
A. digressive.......tangents
B. cursory.......ephemera
C. convoluted......jargon
D. frenetic......platitudes
E. aimless.......polemic
解析:因果关系题,thereby为逻辑线索词。本题的题眼在meander with his thoughts,即与他的思想偏离的,所以他的文章是怎么样的,故答案为A。
翻译:散文家Michel de Montaigne采用一种看似与他想法背离的冥想的散文方式来写作,因此让他的散文跑题并包含很多不切题的部分。
8. The book was aptly described as------- because it was instrumental in advancing knowledge about its subject.
A. seminal
B. recondite
C. beguiling
D. incendiary
E. inchoate
解析:因果关系题,空格后说明原因是推进此学科知识的工具书,因此答案为A。Seminal这个词之前在SAT填空部分没有出现过,但如果大家词根掌握的很好就知道这个词与disseminate有关,dis-semin-ate:dis-表示分散,-semin-为种子的意思。所以seminal理解为未来发展及推进的种子,种子就要传播生长,故可译为“有开创性的”。
翻译:这本书可以被恰当的描述为(像种子般)有开创性,因为它是推广该学科知识的指导书。
Section 6
1. It was ------- of the hikers to head out their journey into the wilderness without enough supplies or practical survival experience.
A. dishonest
B. reckless
C. petty
D. cunning
E. thrifty
解析:没有充足供给和生存知识的远足者如果进入荒野将会是怎么样的,故答案为B。
翻译:远足者在没有充足供给和实际生存知识的情况下进入荒野是鲁莽的,不计后果的。 2. Although daydreaming is generally seen as counterproductive, it can be surprisingly-------, even helping us make progress toward long-term goals.
A. distracting
B. infrequent
C. difficult
D. useful
E. simple
解析:解释题,空格后为此题线索,helping 的同义词为useful,答案为D。
翻译:尽管白日梦被视为是适得其反的,但它可以是惊人的有用,甚至可以帮助我们朝着长期目标前进。
3. Some health professionals believe that ------- can be --------by limiting caloric intake: put simply , if you eat moderately, you may live longer.
A. stamina...... impaired
B. Endurance.......alleviated
C. immortality.......averted
D. longevity........promoted
E. maturity........established
解析:冒号解释或目的题,1. by 通过限制卡路里的摄入;2. 冒号后解释“吃的少,活的长”。 所以看到live longer,第一空基本可以确定了,故D为正确选项。
翻译:一些健康专家认为寿命可以通过限制卡路里的摄入来提高:简单点说就是吃的少,活的长。
4. Stinkbugs, as their name suggests, are capable of secreting a -------- chemical to ward off predators.
A. malignant
B. debilitating
C. malodorous
D. fragmentary
E. phosphorescent
解析:SAT中的典型题目:名字题。当题干中出现书名,地名或Nickname并题目让你注意这些名字时(as their name suggests),名字即为线索。Stinkbug臭虫,stink为恶臭的意思,故答案为C。可通过词根mal+odor来分析此词。E选项是新考词汇,意思是“发磷光的”
通过词根也可看出“-phos-=-phot-:光”,-phor- means “to carry”,所以这个词基本意思为“to carry light”,带着光的(尤指夜光)。
翻译:臭虫,正如它的名字所指,可以分泌出一种恶臭的化学物质来抵御捕食者。
5. Mae West bold disregard for popular conventions and norms during her film career earned her reputation for --------.
A. tenaciousness
B. audacity
C. voraciousness
D. amiability
E. complacency
解析:题干说M这个人通过什么获得的...名誉,所以前面的bold是线索词。答案选Bold同义词B选项。
翻译:Mae West在她的电影生涯中大胆地无视了流行的传统观念,帮助她赢得了胆大的称呼。
Section 8
1. As a child, anthropologist Mireya Mayor was expected to practice piano regularly, a most ------- task for someone who preferred to play outdoors.
A. galvanizing
B. grueling
C. embarrassing
D. diverting
E. ingratiating
解析:题干说对于喜欢在户外活动的人来说,定期练习钢琴是一件什么任务,闲不住的人当然觉得练习很累了,所以空格选负向词grueling“繁重而累人的”。故答案为B。
翻译:还是一个孩子的时候,人类学家Mireya Mayor被期望能在家里定期练习钢琴,这对一个喜欢户外运动的人来说是一个繁重而累人的任务。 2. The immersion of young people of the Hmong American communities into mainstream society and politics has caused a -------- of leadership roles, with the traditional preeminence of the elders increasingly------- by new ideas.
A. disappearance.......buoyed
B. shifting........challenged
C. vanishing........manifested
D. transformation........detailed
E. stagnation........curtailed
解析:此题从第二空突破比较简单,传统的老年位高权重会被新思想怎么样,所以第二空一定是负向的“挑战”之类的词,再看第一空shifting转变很合适,故答案为B。
翻译:年轻人融入主流社会及政坛导致了领导角色的转变,传统的老年人位高权重的情况将被新思潮挑战。
3. Seymour worked with--------, almost crushing thoroughness: every step of the complex project was carried out with unremitting-------.
A. exhaustive........exactitude
B. impromptu.......documentation
C. astounding.......simulation
D. profound......evasion
E. informal.......perfectionism
解析:第一空解释,线索词为后面的thoroughness,故从第一空就能看出为A。Exhaustive为详尽的。因为详尽,所以第二空选精确。
翻译:Seymour工作很细致详尽,详尽到了把一件事情掰开了揉碎了(crushing)分析:一项复杂项目的每一步都执行的精确无误。
4. In 1972, a leading American university offered two courses in Black studies; in 1985 it offered 21 such courses, a change exemplifying the -------of minority studies since 1970s.
A. rarity
B. convergence
C. incredulity
D. prognostication
E. proliferation
解析:此题exemplify证明前后同义,前面的两个数据的变化2到21说明了答案应该为:E。
翻译:1972年美国顶尖大学提供两个黑人研究的课程;1985年课程扩大到了21个,这个变化说明了少数群体的研究自从70年代增长了。
5. Some feminist theorists believe that patriarchy is -------- reality rather than a permanent state.
A. a transitory
B. a perpetual
C. an immutable
D. an idealistic
E. an intemperate
解析:对比关系,rather than 前后要选反义词,故空格应选permanent的反义词,答案为A。
翻译:一些女权主义理论家认为,男性掌权是一个短暂的事实而不是一个永远的状态。
6. Although a few biologist have ------ some mind flaws in this method of classifying specimens, it nevertheless an -------- procedure to follow.
A. spurned.......untenable
B. expunged.......infallible
C. lamented.......efficacious
D. rectified........indubitable
E. accentuated.......erroneous
解析:转折关系题,第一空选动词,宾语为mind flaws(思维错误)所以动词应该是负向这个错误,后面转折,不管怎样这个方法是个什么样的步骤,应该是个正向形容词,所以B,C,D 都可以选,但B,D两个词的意思是“准确无误的,完全没有错的”跟前面flaw矛盾,故答案为C。
翻译:尽管少数生物学家痛惜这种物种分类方法中的思维错误,但不管怎样它的步骤是有效的。
1. Jim was so opposed to any type of change that he ------- even the most beneficial of -------.
A. blamed......customs
B. presented.......inventions
C. welcomed.......reforms
D. anticipated.......results
E. resisted.......improvements
解析: so....that的因果关系,所以前后同义,第一空应与oppose(反对)同义,第二空是beneficial of...应为正向词,故E最合适。
翻译:Jim 反对任何形式的改变,甚至是最有助于提高的(改变也反对)。
2. Eager to enlist as a soldier during the American Revolution, Deborah Sampson Gannett successfully------- the military’s gender boundary by donning men’s clothing and ------ a male identity.
A. delineated........flaunting
B. circumvented........assuming
C. reinstated.......mimicking
D. denounced......inventing
E. skirted........disguising
解析: 从前半句可知,为了要参军,D这个人成功的怎么样了性别界限,说明这人是个女的,所以规避这组词可选,故第一空B,E正确,第二空,她通过穿上男人的衣服并且要装得像男人,所以排除了disguise(掩饰)。assume 这个词作动词时可翻译为“装,做作”等意思=affect=act。所以正确答案为B
翻译:Deborah很想注册入伍,她通过穿上男人衣服装扮男性,成功地规避了军队的性别界限。
3. For a cycling tourist, -------is paramount: situation inevitably arise that require a cyclist to be alert and keen witted.
A. deference
B. perseverance
C. munificence
D. alacrity
E. vigilance
解析:冒号解释题,线索为alert and keen witted。故答案为E。
翻译:对于一个骑车的旅行者,警惕是至关重要的:这种情况要求车手要机警。
4. The problem of soil degradation is -------: few, if any, agriculturally important regions are unaffected by it.
A. recent
B. modest
C. subtle
D. global
E. finished
解析:冒号解释题,线索为冒号后:几乎没有地区没被影响,所以土地恶化波及很广,故选D。
翻译:土地恶化问题波及甚广,几乎没有一个以农业生产为主的地区没有受到影响。 5. Lauren was often labeled easygoing because she tended to appear mild and ------ rather than tense and -------.
A. sullen......serious
B. relaxed......excitable
C. joyful.....intelligent
D. slow......patient
E. likable......humorous
解析:并列关系题,第一空为mild同义词,第二空为tense同义词,或easygoing反义词。两空的逻辑方向也是反的,故答案为A。
翻译:人们都知道Lauren很随和,因为她喜欢显得温和而轻松而不是很紧绷而易激动。
6. The poet’s publisher cautioned her against overusing -------language, but the poet preferred the lively, informal dialect of her hometown.
A. vernacular
B. superannuated
C. bombastic
D. austere
E. erudite
解析:转折关系,诗人喜欢用生动和非正式的方言,而出版商警告他不要过多运用什么,故答案为A。 Superannuated之前SAT考试中没有出现过,大家把这个词放到“过时的”意群里去。从词根中我们也可看出super-:over; -ann-:year。
翻译:出版商警告诗人不要过多运用方言,但是诗人喜欢用自己家乡生动的、不那么正式的家乡话。
7. Essayist Michel de Montaigne cultivated a contemplative prose style that seems to meander with his thoughts, thereby making his essays------- and filled with ------.
A. digressive.......tangents
B. cursory.......ephemera
C. convoluted......jargon
D. frenetic......platitudes
E. aimless.......polemic
解析:因果关系题,thereby为逻辑线索词。本题的题眼在meander with his thoughts,即与他的思想偏离的,所以他的文章是怎么样的,故答案为A。
翻译:散文家Michel de Montaigne采用一种看似与他想法背离的冥想的散文方式来写作,因此让他的散文跑题并包含很多不切题的部分。
8. The book was aptly described as------- because it was instrumental in advancing knowledge about its subject.
A. seminal
B. recondite
C. beguiling
D. incendiary
E. inchoate
解析:因果关系题,空格后说明原因是推进此学科知识的工具书,因此答案为A。Seminal这个词之前在SAT填空部分没有出现过,但如果大家词根掌握的很好就知道这个词与disseminate有关,dis-semin-ate:dis-表示分散,-semin-为种子的意思。所以seminal理解为未来发展及推进的种子,种子就要传播生长,故可译为“有开创性的”。
翻译:这本书可以被恰当的描述为(像种子般)有开创性,因为它是推广该学科知识的指导书。
Section 6
1. It was ------- of the hikers to head out their journey into the wilderness without enough supplies or practical survival experience.
A. dishonest
B. reckless
C. petty
D. cunning
E. thrifty
解析:没有充足供给和生存知识的远足者如果进入荒野将会是怎么样的,故答案为B。
翻译:远足者在没有充足供给和实际生存知识的情况下进入荒野是鲁莽的,不计后果的。 2. Although daydreaming is generally seen as counterproductive, it can be surprisingly-------, even helping us make progress toward long-term goals.
A. distracting
B. infrequent
C. difficult
D. useful
E. simple
解析:解释题,空格后为此题线索,helping 的同义词为useful,答案为D。
翻译:尽管白日梦被视为是适得其反的,但它可以是惊人的有用,甚至可以帮助我们朝着长期目标前进。
3. Some health professionals believe that ------- can be --------by limiting caloric intake: put simply , if you eat moderately, you may live longer.
A. stamina...... impaired
B. Endurance.......alleviated
C. immortality.......averted
D. longevity........promoted
E. maturity........established
解析:冒号解释或目的题,1. by 通过限制卡路里的摄入;2. 冒号后解释“吃的少,活的长”。 所以看到live longer,第一空基本可以确定了,故D为正确选项。
翻译:一些健康专家认为寿命可以通过限制卡路里的摄入来提高:简单点说就是吃的少,活的长。
4. Stinkbugs, as their name suggests, are capable of secreting a -------- chemical to ward off predators.
A. malignant
B. debilitating
C. malodorous
D. fragmentary
E. phosphorescent
解析:SAT中的典型题目:名字题。当题干中出现书名,地名或Nickname并题目让你注意这些名字时(as their name suggests),名字即为线索。Stinkbug臭虫,stink为恶臭的意思,故答案为C。可通过词根mal+odor来分析此词。E选项是新考词汇,意思是“发磷光的”
通过词根也可看出“-phos-=-phot-:光”,-phor- means “to carry”,所以这个词基本意思为“to carry light”,带着光的(尤指夜光)。
翻译:臭虫,正如它的名字所指,可以分泌出一种恶臭的化学物质来抵御捕食者。
5. Mae West bold disregard for popular conventions and norms during her film career earned her reputation for --------.
A. tenaciousness
B. audacity
C. voraciousness
D. amiability
E. complacency
解析:题干说M这个人通过什么获得的...名誉,所以前面的bold是线索词。答案选Bold同义词B选项。
翻译:Mae West在她的电影生涯中大胆地无视了流行的传统观念,帮助她赢得了胆大的称呼。
Section 8
1. As a child, anthropologist Mireya Mayor was expected to practice piano regularly, a most ------- task for someone who preferred to play outdoors.
A. galvanizing
B. grueling
C. embarrassing
D. diverting
E. ingratiating
解析:题干说对于喜欢在户外活动的人来说,定期练习钢琴是一件什么任务,闲不住的人当然觉得练习很累了,所以空格选负向词grueling“繁重而累人的”。故答案为B。
翻译:还是一个孩子的时候,人类学家Mireya Mayor被期望能在家里定期练习钢琴,这对一个喜欢户外运动的人来说是一个繁重而累人的任务。 2. The immersion of young people of the Hmong American communities into mainstream society and politics has caused a -------- of leadership roles, with the traditional preeminence of the elders increasingly------- by new ideas.
A. disappearance.......buoyed
B. shifting........challenged
C. vanishing........manifested
D. transformation........detailed
E. stagnation........curtailed
解析:此题从第二空突破比较简单,传统的老年位高权重会被新思想怎么样,所以第二空一定是负向的“挑战”之类的词,再看第一空shifting转变很合适,故答案为B。
翻译:年轻人融入主流社会及政坛导致了领导角色的转变,传统的老年人位高权重的情况将被新思潮挑战。
3. Seymour worked with--------, almost crushing thoroughness: every step of the complex project was carried out with unremitting-------.
A. exhaustive........exactitude
B. impromptu.......documentation
C. astounding.......simulation
D. profound......evasion
E. informal.......perfectionism
解析:第一空解释,线索词为后面的thoroughness,故从第一空就能看出为A。Exhaustive为详尽的。因为详尽,所以第二空选精确。
翻译:Seymour工作很细致详尽,详尽到了把一件事情掰开了揉碎了(crushing)分析:一项复杂项目的每一步都执行的精确无误。
4. In 1972, a leading American university offered two courses in Black studies; in 1985 it offered 21 such courses, a change exemplifying the -------of minority studies since 1970s.
A. rarity
B. convergence
C. incredulity
D. prognostication
E. proliferation
解析:此题exemplify证明前后同义,前面的两个数据的变化2到21说明了答案应该为:E。
翻译:1972年美国顶尖大学提供两个黑人研究的课程;1985年课程扩大到了21个,这个变化说明了少数群体的研究自从70年代增长了。
5. Some feminist theorists believe that patriarchy is -------- reality rather than a permanent state.
A. a transitory
B. a perpetual
C. an immutable
D. an idealistic
E. an intemperate
解析:对比关系,rather than 前后要选反义词,故空格应选permanent的反义词,答案为A。
翻译:一些女权主义理论家认为,男性掌权是一个短暂的事实而不是一个永远的状态。
6. Although a few biologist have ------ some mind flaws in this method of classifying specimens, it nevertheless an -------- procedure to follow.
A. spurned.......untenable
B. expunged.......infallible
C. lamented.......efficacious
D. rectified........indubitable
E. accentuated.......erroneous
解析:转折关系题,第一空选动词,宾语为mind flaws(思维错误)所以动词应该是负向这个错误,后面转折,不管怎样这个方法是个什么样的步骤,应该是个正向形容词,所以B,C,D 都可以选,但B,D两个词的意思是“准确无误的,完全没有错的”跟前面flaw矛盾,故答案为C。
翻译:尽管少数生物学家痛惜这种物种分类方法中的思维错误,但不管怎样它的步骤是有效的。
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