Question

请高手帮我翻译一下下列段落,谢谢

A bribe is used to manipulate people by buying influence.Bribery has been defined as"the offering,giving,receiving,or soliciting of something of value for the purpose of influencing the action of an official in the discharge of his or her public or legal duties."The item of value may be direct payments of money or property.It may alse be in the form of a kickback after a deal has been completed.Manuel Velasquez refers to a commercial bribe as a"consideration given to an employee by a person outside the firm with the understanding that when the employee transacts business for his or her own firm,the employee will deal favorably with that person or with that person's firm."
Bribes create a conflict of interest between the person receiving the bribe and his or her organization.This person has a fiduciary responsibility to the organization.The bribe creates a private interest which is likely to be in conflict with the organization's interest.Bribery is most often used to gain sales,to enter new markets,or to change or avoid public policy.We are not referring to"grease"payments made to customs agents to process goods at ports of entry.Grease payments are a form of tip for performing services that are customarily paid for in certain countries.
While the use of call girls and cash payments are easy to spot as bribes,the intent of gifts can at times be much more difficult to determine.A gift may be given as a common courtesy for an occasion,or it may be meant to influence business decisions at some future point in time.The key questions seem to be intent and expected response.If the gift is given with the intent of influencing behavior,it is a bribe.If the gift actually influences behavior,whether or not the influence was intended,the gift functions as a bribe.If the gift has no influence on future behavior,it does not function as a bribe.However,lack of influence is sometimes hard to prove.
From the information available in the Goldenberg case,it appears that one or more Kenyan government officials were receiving kickbacks from the Goldenberg Company.Payments were being made to the firm without the proper documentation on shipments being provided.In addition,the 35%sales incentive appears unusually high.Its approval by Vice President Saitoti makes him a prime suspect.
要自己翻译的,不是网上的翻译工具,那样不准的.

Answer 1

买的影响用于贿款操作人。贿赂被定义了如"提供，给，接受，或请求某事价值为影响一位官员的行动的目的在尽职他们的公开或法律责任。“价值项目也许是金钱或物产的直接付款。它也许alse是以佣金的形式，在成交是之后完成。Manuel Velasquez提到商业贿款作为"考虑被给予雇员由一个人在企业之外以理解，当雇员办理事务为他们自己的企业时，雇员将有利地涉及与那个人或那个人的企业。“贿款创造一利害冲突在接受贿款的人之间和他们组织。这个人有一个信托责任到组织。贿款创造可能在冲突以组织的兴趣的私有兴趣贿赂是最常用的获取销售，进入新市场，或改变或避免公众政策。我们不提到"油膏"付款付给报关行处理物品在入境港。油膏付款是技巧的形式为进行习惯地被支付在某些国家的服务当对应召女郎的用途和现金支付是容易察觉作为贿款时，礼物意向可能时常是难的much more确定。礼物也许被给作为共同的礼貌为场合，或它也许被认为影响商业决策在一些未来此刻。关键问题似乎是专心和期望的反应。如果礼物给目的在于影响行为，它是贿款。如果礼物实际上影响行为，是否影响意欲，礼物作用作为贿款。如果礼物没有对未来行为的影响，它不功能作为贿款。然而，缺乏影响是有时坚硬证明。从有用的资料在Goldenberg事例，看起来一个或更多Kenyan政府官员从Goldenberg Company接受佣金。付款付给企业，不用适当的文献在提供的发货。另外，les刺激看上去异常地高。它的由Saitoti副总统的认可做他一个头号嫌疑犯。