Question

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Cubic boron nitride（CBN）and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride（PCBN）inserts have traditionally been the tools of choice for hard-turning applications.But，they are considered too costly for many operations.The cryogenic machining technique also allows greater use of low-cost ceramic inserts for hard-turning operations.
CBN and PCBN ceramic inserts tend to wear unevenly and prone to fracturing when hard turning dry or with water or oil-based coolants.Incresed fracture toughness resulting from low-temperature liquid nitrogen cooling provide more predictable ，gradual flank wear also allows alumina ceramics inserts to be used in the critical finishing operations.
The liquid nitrogen may be stored in a small ，dedicated cylinder near a machine，or in a supply tank that would serve multiple machines.Programming is similar to a traditional coolant delivery system. A flexible liquid nitrogen line attaches to a lathe’s turret via a rotational coupling.This line feeds a delivery nozzle clamped to the tool,which directs the liquid nitrogen to the insert tip.

Answer 1

一直以来，立方氮化硼（CBN）和聚晶立方氮化硼（PCBN）镶嵌件在硬态车削中使用，但价格昂贵。低温冷却设备使低廉的陶瓷镶嵌件得以在硬态撤消中应用。
立方氮化硼、聚晶立方氮化硼和陶瓷镶嵌件容易产生磨损不均，且在无冷却剂或水基和油基冷却剂中切削易断裂。低温液氮提高了断裂韧性，缓慢的侧面磨损使得用陶瓷镶嵌件进行最终成型加工成为可能。
液氮可以储存在小型专用圆筒内，或者装在集中供应多台设备的容器内。使用起来与传统的冷却系统相似。柔性软管通过转动耦合把液氮输送到车床的刀架转塔。然后液氮被输送到夹在道具上的一个喷嘴，来冷却刀尖。