如何实现高中学生英语作文思维深度和 语言地

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匿名用户
2017-03-17
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一、英语作文立意
众所周知,对于任何语言的写作,立意是首重,英语写作虽然应重视语言的运用能力,但是写作的本质,即表意是不能忽视的。而在我们所看到的大多数的学生作文中,即便是在高分作文中,立意却被放到了最不被重视的地方,虽然大堆的高级语言结构堆砌在一起,却不能反映出高中学生的思维深度和思维逻辑,如翻译成中文,会发现其思想内容的空泛性让人惊异。不要说立意巧妙新颖的作文,就是能紧扣作文题目主题,体现作文题目中英文提示(湖北卷)的核心观点的作文都不在多数。这种现状反映了我们的作文教学中存在着一些指向性的问题。我认为可从以下方面去改善:
1. 利用各种资源和机会使学生接触和了解英语语言国家的核心文化,如责任、诚信、平等、博爱、勇于认错、包容、务实、法治、公德等,拓宽学生视野,达到提升学生思维深度的目的。这可以通过在教材中单元话题教学以及完型阅读训练素材中适时点拨或组织讨论,以达到目的。
2. 在平时的英语写作中引领学生学会审题和如何找到关键信息点和突破口,以达到使其作文切题的目的。在写作教学中,我们可以在写作文之前组织学生对作文题目进行讨论,在讨论中激发多方向思维。
3. 合理利用作文范文。现阶段各种考试范文中,最值得借鉴的不是其语言,而是其立意。大多数范文,其语言可能比较平淡,但立意方面却是很科学的。带领学生去体会什么样的立意才是切题的,才是能反映高中生思维深度和逻辑思维能力的立意。
4. 鼓励学生将语文写作中的立意运用于英语作文中。语言虽不同,人们的思维却是相通的,殊途同归!
5.
案例一、请根据以下提示,结合你生活中的一个事例,用英语写一篇短文。
We all know that “Chances favor the prepared mind”. Only if you are well prepared, will you be able to seize them.
参考立意(首段):
There is no denying that we are eager for golden chances to be successful in life. However, many people are not aware that chances are always for those who get well prepared. I didn’t realize it until I went to high school.
案例二、请根据以下提示,结合你生活中的一个事例,用英语写一篇短文。
Never be afraid of making mistakes. In fact, making mistakes is making progress.
参考立意(首段):
We always make mistakes in our daily life. Since mistakes are unavoidable, we shouldn’t be afraid of them. What we should do is to make good use of mistakes to improve ourselves.
两个案例的立意都使用了“以退为进”、“ 先抑后扬”的立意方式,体现了英语文化中的“包容,不绝对化”的特点,表现了高中生应有的逻辑思维能力,使作文更具说服力。但需跟学生强调“退”“抑”不可太过,以免弱化主题。

二、英语作文结构
对于作文结构,大多数老师的是这样做的:高一高二的学生一般是要求作文三段式;高三时,大多数同学仍然要求三段式,但是对于作文水平已达到较高层次的学生,不做强行要求,学生可根据作文题目和自己的思路决定作文结构,不再受到模式的束缚。这样做应该是比较科学的。
对于三段式作文,要引领学生学会合理分配篇幅和段落内容:
1. 首段点题,要求开门见山,点出作文核心观点,复议自己对于核心观点的理解。篇幅以两三句为宜。
2. 中段为中心段落,一般是讲述一次自身经历。要求事例典型,紧扣主题,内容丰满(字数必须多于首段和末端)。段落篇幅应当主要放在与主题相关的事实上,不可铺垫太多,切忌顾左言它,偏离主旨。
3. 末段应包括两个部分。一是总结,强化主题。二是强调主题对自己以后生活的指导或帮助,或者对人们提出与主题相关的呼吁和倡导。
在主题和段落受到限制的前提下,能够体现学生个性化思维的部分就只有中间段落的事例部分了,所以我认为在这部分我们大有可为。如何让学生在中间段落呈现个性化鲜明的事例和逻辑思维,可以从以下几个方面入手。
1. 指导学生在平时的学习过程中积累事例。如英语甚至语文课文中的典型人物事例,完型阅读中事例,学生优秀作文中的新颖事例等。以避免作文时事例千篇一律,也可以减少学生在考场上的思考时间。
2. 指导学生平时多针对第二段进行练笔。在练习的过程中,了解如何运用简洁的语言将事实叙述清楚,体现自己的逻辑思维。
3. 指导学生多借鉴高考题中的叙事性完形填空的叙事手法,灵活运用各种状语形式来使自己的作文富有逻辑性。

案例三:请根据以下提示,结合你生活中的一个事例,用英语写一篇短文。
Unity is the soul of a class as well as a society. United, we stand;divided, we fall. We can accomplish anything if united. What on earth is unity?
参考事例(中间段):
Sample A:
Team work exists everywhere in schools or companies. Last month, our school hosted a singing contest. we made varieties of preparations. Every class must pick out their conductor and suitable costumes. What’ more, we must pracise it well within 3 weeks. Tough as the work is, all the teachers and students were aware of our responsibility and the power of unity, so we all devoted ourselves to the practice. At last, our effort paid off and we won.

Sample B:
It was not until the earthquake happened in 2008 that I was really aware of the importance of unity. No sooner had the earthquake happened then many soldiers were sent to the disaster areas. Regardless of their own safety, they risked saving people who were buried under the ruins. Meanwhile, all the people in Asia tried their best to donate money, food and clothes, and many new houses were constructed with the donated money. With all these assistance arriving, people in
Wen chuan gained warmth and strength. But for the help of all the people, they wouldn’t have gone through the hard times.
比较即可发现,事例B(2008汶川地震后国人万众一心,援助灾区人民)更具有典型性和说服力,避免了事例的一般性和平淡无味。

三、英语作文语言
在立意和结构都达到科学化的前提下,能够体现作文特色和魅力的当然是英语作文语言
了。多数老师都会重视学生句式使用的高级性和丰富性上,我们会指导学生留心完成句子中的高级语法结构,提示他们将高级句型运用到作文中去,以达到为作文加分的目的,这是毋庸置疑的。
作为高中学生,掌握丰富的句式结构是必要的,对作文也有极大帮助。但是我认为这还不足够。语言的简洁(作文有字数控制,要使用有限的语言准确表达意思)和地道性也应当受到重视。我认为以下几点做法值得借鉴:
1. 引导学生(尤其是高三学生)注重语言表达的简洁,准确和地道。
应要求学生作文语句简单明了,句意清楚。告诉他们高考英语作文不是作文大奖赛,考察的不是你的文学功底,而是基本的表意能力。建议学生使用常用或熟练句式,不提倡自造怪句难句。
2. 指导学生在学习的过程中积累地道的表达方式和语句。主要有两种渠道,一是从高考题中的单选,完型和阅读中积累素材,二是自主阅读英文原著。
3. 指导学生从朗读中获得语感,达到作文的地道性。每天大声朗读单选句子和完形填空语篇,关注其中的地道表达方式。
4. 指导学生以说带写。经常性组织学生对与作文相关话题进行讨论,为学生提供地道的口语表达方式,鼓励他们将其运用于作文当中。因为任何语言最具生命力的部分都存在与口语中。
5. 鼓励学生通过练笔来形成自己的独特文风,或简洁有力,或优美流畅,或新颖巧妙,或幽默生动。语言是用来表现自我的,激发学生利用英语作文来表现自身魅力的兴趣。

案例四:请根据以下提示,结合你生活中的一个事例,用英语写一篇短文。
Constant dropping wears the stone.
参考范文(学生习作):
Just as the saying goes, constant dropping wears the stone. Whatever challenges we may face, our persistence and great determination can help us overcome them and obtain the final victory.
Elizebeath, the well-known character in my fairy lady, used to be a shabby girl whose life might be condemned to the gutter as the professor once said, making her living by selling flowers along the street. Apart from her ugly accent, she didn’t develop a good life habit, which may resulted from the poor life or less education. However, she made up her mind to change all that. Dreaming of becoming an assistant in a flower shop, she turned to the professor, the person who changed her track of life. Having failed many times and worked day and night, Elizebeath finally coverted her accent into standard London Voice. In addition, she transformed herself into a fair lady, behaving politely and properly. It was her constant efforts that made her what she was.
As you can see, where there is a will, there is a way. You are bound to succeed so long as you are willing to cultivate persistently.
虽然这篇习作还有些瑕疵,如语言不够简洁,中段事例铺垫过多,事例人物努力过程涉文不足。
但是从划线部分看,该学生已初步达到了灵活自如地运用英语语言表达的水平,语言地道流畅。只要坚持训练,假以时日,满分作文手到擒来。
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