Question

我还有一些汉语需要翻译成英语 可以在帮我翻译一下吗？ 你的那个回答我很满意 谢谢啊

一、 中美面子观的差异及不同的礼貌原则
1、 中美面子观的差异。
对比中美方对于面子的讨论，我们可以看出中西方的面子观在其定义和所包含的内容方面有所不同。从定义上看，汉语的面子是指个体在所处社会群体中取得的良好公众形象，它具有强烈的社会性和群体取向。“面子”这一准则是以跨越个人的社会单位为导向的，从社会单位出发再引向个个具体的个人。这一准则本身具有一种社会建构力，他可以维护社会的凝聚力。每个具体的个人并不那么着意自己的脸面，而更注重他所属于的那个社会圈子的脸面。“保全脸面”和“丢失脸面”之间的分界线不是根据个人及其行为环境来划定的，而是顺沿个人所属的那个社会圈子的边界。对保全或丢失脸面起作用的不是单独的行为环境，而是某一社会圈子中所有行为环境的总和。
而从BROWN和LEVINSON的定义来看，美国对于面子的定义是以个人价值观为基础的，面子是一个公共的自我形象。“面子”这一准则是着眼于个体的。它的社会涵盖及其延伸均可在这一点上找到其施展的空间和局限。这一准则针对个人及其行为，更确切地说，是针对个体行为所处的情景。个体在具体的情境下得以展现和保护他的“脸面”；要是他在某个情景下丢了脸面，很可能同时又“保全”了他在其它情景条件下的脸面。每个具体的个人在他的整个言行中怎样来处理某一行为的“丢面子”问题并不具有重要的社会意义。
在面子所包含的内容发给面中美方也存在差异。在中国的面子观中，协同“面子”就是维持社会关系和谐与稳定的工具性行为。在BROWN和LEVISON的面子理论中，面子不仅包括积极面子还包括消极面子。在其的消极面子概念中，最核心的内容是个人自由，即维护他人自由的言语行为就是维护他人的消极面子，属于礼貌言行；任何可能阻止他人自由的言语行为都可能伤害他人的消极面子，是不礼貌的。“自由”被视为解释和衡量礼貌言语的一条重要准则。在美国，个人自我实现的观念根深蒂固，人们强调个人的权利和自我行为的权利；厌恶地他人事物的干涉；尊重个人的隐私，因此美国文化则侧重于“独立”的礼貌面子策略，偏重“消极面子”。
用软件翻译的千万别来啊 没有一点语法 要的是真正的高手！！！！

Answer 1

A face view, sino-us differences and different politeness principle

1 face view, sino-us differences.

In comparison to face the United States of discussion, we can see that the east face view in its definition and contained content have different ways. From the definition on look, Chinese face is an individual in place social colonies obtained good public image, it has strong social and group orientation. "Face" this criterion is the social unit across individual oriented, from social units of again to each specific individual. This code itself has a social construct force, he can maintain social cohesion. Each specific individual not so rewriter their faces, and pay more attention to what he belongs to the social circles face. "Save face" and "lose face" the dividing line between not according to individual and behavior environment to delimit along, but the personal belongs to the social circle boundary. To preserve or loss of face effect is not a single behavior environment, but also a social circles in the sum of all behaviors environment.

And from the definition of LEVINSON time and Midwest states, to face the definition of based on personal values, face is a public self-image. "Face" this criterion is focusing on individuals. Its social covers and extension are at this point find its display space and limitations. The criteria for individuals and their behavior, and more specifically, for the behavior of the individual is in sight. Individual in specific contexts manifests and protect his "face", If he lost in some situations face, probably also "preservation" in his other situation under the condition of the face. Each specific individuals throughout his words and deeds of how to handle a behavioral "outsiders" question doesn't have important social significance.

The content contained in the face to face in the United States also exist differences. In China's face view, synergy "face" is to maintain social relation harmony and stability are instrumental behavior. In time and LEVISON face theory, face not only includes active face also includes negative face. In its negative face concept, the core content of a person freedom, namely, maintain the freedom of others speech act is to keep others negative face, belong to polite words and deeds, Any may prevent others from free speech action may hurt others negative face, is impolite. "Free" is seen as interpretation and measure polite speech an important criterion. In the United States, personal self-fulfilling notion, people emphasize individual rights and self behavior; the right Disgust interference; others things Respect the individual's privacy, so American culture are focused on "independent" polite face strategy, lay particular stress on "negative face".

Answer 2

A face view, sino-us differences and different politeness principle

1 face view, sino-us differences.

In comparison to face the United States of discussion, we can see that the east face view in its definition and contained content have different ways. From the definition on look, Chinese face is an individual in place social colonies obtained good public image, it has strong social and group orientation.

Answer 3

First, the United States face of differences and different politeness
1. United States face view differences.
Contrast in the us for the sake of discussion, we can see that in view of the Western face in its definition and contains content differently. By definition, the Chinese face refers to the individual in the community of good public image, it has a strong social and community orientation. The