Question

英语求助

2.1. Data collection
Face-to-face surveys and neighborhood audits were the two primary methods of data collection. The 45-min face-to-face surveys were conducted at the home of the sampled English- or Spanish-speaking adults aged 18 years or older. Neighborhood audits were conducted to objectively measure physical and social environments for each respondent. Trained data collectors assessed the street environment by auditing both sides of the “face block” between two intersecting streets on which the study participant lived. This auditing method is recognized as important in understanding the role of the neighborhood environment in affecting health behaviors and health status and has been used in previous
studies of the built environment and health (Brown et al., 2003, 2004b; Caughy, O’Campo, & Patterson, 2001; Hoehner et al., 2005; Long & Perkins, 2007; McGuire, 1997; Saelens, Sallis, Black, & Chen, 2003).
The face-to-face survey and audit instruments were developed from existing surveys on neighborhood environments and health that included questions on walkability (Saelens et al., 2003), social cohesion and informal social control (Sampson et al., 1997), place
attachment (Bonaiuto et al., 1999), sense of safety and fear of crime (Gorman-Smith, Tolan, & Henry, 2000), and incivilities (Sampson et al., 1997). Individual-level measures were computed by averaging z-scores of the items shown in Table 1. Block-group observed incivilities were computed as the mean of the six items shown in Table 1.
Denver crime data (2005e2007) were acquired from the City and County of Denver Police Department. Block-group level education and population data were obtained from the US 2000 Census.

Answer 1

2.1 数据采集
数据采集的最常用方法是面对面的访问以及对邻居的咨询。面对面访问的对象是使用英语或者西班牙语家庭的 年龄超过18岁的成人。邻居咨询的受访者需要事先对其进行客观评定。有经验的数据收集者会通过适当的调查来决定到底采访何处。此审计方法被认为是了解邻居居住环境的重要手段，并且已经沿用了很长时间(Brown et al., 2003,
2004b; Caughy, O’Campo, & Patterson, 2001; Hoehner et al., 2005; Long & Perkins, 2007; McGuire, 1997; Saelens, Sallis, Black, & Chen, 2003)。
面对面访问以及咨询记录由这样一些问题构成：行动能力(Saelens et al., 2003)、社交凝聚力以及号召力(Bonaiuto et al., 1999)、安全感以及对犯罪的恐惧感(Gorman-Smith, Tolan, & Henry, 2000)、行为粗野度 (Sampson et al., 1997)。对个体的采访结果列于表1，对街区的采访结果分六项列于表1.
丹佛地区的犯嘴（谐音，怕和谐）记录由地方惊诧句（谐音）提供。街区人口数据以及受教育程度以美国2000年的人口普查为基准。

Answer 2

将英语译成中文(简体)
2.1。数据收集
面对面调查和邻里审计是两个主要的数据收集方法。 45分钟面对面调查是在采样英语或西班牙语的18岁以上的成年人的家。邻里进行了审计，客观地衡量每个答辩物理和社会环境。训练有素的数据收集评估两个相交的街道上住了这项研究的参与者都通过审计的“面子块”双方的街道环境。这种审计方法确认为了解附近环境，影响健康行为和健康状况的重要作用，并已在以前使用
建筑环境与健康（布朗等人的研究，2003年，2004年b。Caughy，O'Campo，与帕特森，2001; Hoehner等，2005;。龙＆珀金斯，2007;麦圭尔，1997年; Saelens，萨利斯，黑色，与陈，2003）。
在面对面调查和审计文书，从邻里开发环境和健康调查，其中包括对现有walkability问题（Saelens等。，2003），社会凝聚力和非正式的社会控制（桑普森等人。，1997年），地点
附件（Bonaiuto等。，1999年），安全和犯罪活动的恐惧（哥曼-史密斯，托伦，与亨利，2000），和incivilities（桑普森等人。，1997）的意义。个人层面的措施，通过平均计算的Z -表1所示的项目得分。块组观察incivilities被作为表1所示的六个项目平均计算。
丹佛犯罪数据（2005e2007）被收购的丹佛市和县警察局。块组一级教育和人口数据是从美国2000年人口普查。