请把下面的翻译成英文，不要机器翻译，请专业一点。 20
(1)按重量(Weight)计算.按重量计算是当今国际贸易中广为使用的一种，例如，许多农副产品，矿产品和工业制成品，都按重量计量，按重量计量的单位有公吨、长吨、短吨、公斤...
(1)按重量(Weight)计算.按重量计算是当今国际贸易中广为使用的一种，例如，许多农副产品，矿产品和工业制成品，都按重量计量，按重量计量的单位有公吨、长吨、短吨、公斤、克、盎司等等.
(2)按数量(Number)计算，大多数工业制成品，尤其是日用消费品，轻工业品，机械产品以及一部土特产品，均习惯于按数量进行买卖，所使用的计量单位有件.双，套，打，卷 ，令，萝，以及个，台，组，张，袋，箱，桶，包等等.
(3)按长度(Length)计算，在金属绳索，丝绸，布匹等类商吕的交易中，通常采用米，英尺，码等长度单位来计量.
(4)按面积(Area)计算.在玻璃板，地毯等商品的交易中.一般习惯于以面积作为计量单位，常用的有平方米，平方尺，平方码等等.
(5)按体积(Volume)计算.按体积成交的商品有限.仅胜于木材、天然气和化学气体等.属于这方面的计量单位.有立方米，立方尺，立方码等等.
(6)按容积(Capacity)计算，各类谷物和液体货物，往往按容积计量，其中，美国以蒲式耳(Bushel)作为各种谷物的计量单位.但蒲式耳所代表的重量则因谷物不同而有差异，例如，每蒲式耳亚麻籽为56磅，燕麦为32磅，大豆和小麦为60磅，公升，加仑则用于洒类，油类商品的计量.
依重量单位为例,根据一般商业习惯， 计算重量的方法有以下几种：
A.净重
净重(Net Weight)是指商品本身的重量，按照国际惯例,如合同中对重量的计算没有其他规定，则应以净重计量。
有的商品需经包装后才能称量，所得重量为毛重。对价值较低的商品，可以在合同中规定以毛重计量，即所谓"以毛作净"(Gross for Net)。如果需以净重计算，则必须从毛重中减去包装物的重量，即皮重。计算皮重主要有下列几种做法：
· 实际皮重。即称量每件包装物的重量。
· 平均度重。在包装物比较划一的情况下，可从全部商品中抽取一定件数的包装物，加以称量，求出平均每件包装物的重量。
· 习惯皮重。适用于规范化的包装方式。包装的重量已为人所共知，无需称量。
· 约定皮重。双方事先约定的包装重量。
B. 公量
对干含水率不稳定的商品，如羊毛、生丝、棉花等，为准确计算这类商品的重量，国际上通常采用按公量(Conditoned weight)计算的方法、即测定商品的实际回潮率(含水率)以计算商品干净重，再换算成公定回潮率的重量。计算公式如下：
公量=[商品实际重量/(1十实际回潮率)]X(1十公定回潮率)=商品于净重X(1十公定回潮率)
C.理论重量
对一些具有固定规格尺寸的商品，每件重量基本一致，一般可从件数推算出总重量。即所谓理论重量(Theoretical Weight)以方便买卖双方交接货物。
都说不要机器翻译，还用机器翻！！！
没有那金刚钻，就别揽这瓷器活，用机器翻，还用你翻呀！ 展开
(2)按数量(Number)计算，大多数工业制成品，尤其是日用消费品，轻工业品，机械产品以及一部土特产品，均习惯于按数量进行买卖，所使用的计量单位有件.双，套，打，卷 ，令，萝，以及个，台，组，张，袋，箱，桶，包等等.
(3)按长度(Length)计算，在金属绳索，丝绸，布匹等类商吕的交易中，通常采用米，英尺，码等长度单位来计量.
(4)按面积(Area)计算.在玻璃板，地毯等商品的交易中.一般习惯于以面积作为计量单位，常用的有平方米，平方尺，平方码等等.
(5)按体积(Volume)计算.按体积成交的商品有限.仅胜于木材、天然气和化学气体等.属于这方面的计量单位.有立方米，立方尺，立方码等等.
(6)按容积(Capacity)计算，各类谷物和液体货物，往往按容积计量，其中，美国以蒲式耳(Bushel)作为各种谷物的计量单位.但蒲式耳所代表的重量则因谷物不同而有差异，例如，每蒲式耳亚麻籽为56磅，燕麦为32磅，大豆和小麦为60磅，公升，加仑则用于洒类，油类商品的计量.
依重量单位为例,根据一般商业习惯， 计算重量的方法有以下几种：
A.净重
净重(Net Weight)是指商品本身的重量，按照国际惯例,如合同中对重量的计算没有其他规定，则应以净重计量。
有的商品需经包装后才能称量，所得重量为毛重。对价值较低的商品，可以在合同中规定以毛重计量，即所谓"以毛作净"(Gross for Net)。如果需以净重计算，则必须从毛重中减去包装物的重量，即皮重。计算皮重主要有下列几种做法：
· 实际皮重。即称量每件包装物的重量。
· 平均度重。在包装物比较划一的情况下，可从全部商品中抽取一定件数的包装物，加以称量，求出平均每件包装物的重量。
· 习惯皮重。适用于规范化的包装方式。包装的重量已为人所共知，无需称量。
· 约定皮重。双方事先约定的包装重量。
B. 公量
对干含水率不稳定的商品，如羊毛、生丝、棉花等，为准确计算这类商品的重量，国际上通常采用按公量(Conditoned weight)计算的方法、即测定商品的实际回潮率(含水率)以计算商品干净重，再换算成公定回潮率的重量。计算公式如下：
公量=[商品实际重量/(1十实际回潮率)]X(1十公定回潮率)=商品于净重X(1十公定回潮率)
C.理论重量
对一些具有固定规格尺寸的商品，每件重量基本一致，一般可从件数推算出总重量。即所谓理论重量(Theoretical Weight)以方便买卖双方交接货物。
都说不要机器翻译，还用机器翻！！！
没有那金刚钻，就别揽这瓷器活，用机器翻，还用你翻呀！ 展开
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(1) (by Weight) Weight calculated. According to the Weight computation is widely used in international trade today a, for example, many agricultural and sideline products, minerals and manufactured goods, by Weight, measurement, by Weight, measurement of unit has metric tons, long tons, DuanDun, kilograms, Patrick, ounces, etc.
(2) according to quantity (by) calculation, most manufactured goods, especially daily consumer goods, light industrial products, mechanical products as well as a native products, are used to traded according to quantity, used by measuring unit something. Double, sets of, dozen, volume, make, rose, and a, Taiwan, group, zhang, bags, box, barrel, packet, etc.
(3) by Length (Length), metallic ropes calculation, silk, cloth such contractor lu of transactions, usually adopts meters, feet, measured Length unit code etc.
(4) according to the Area (Area) calculated. In glass, carpet, and other commodities trading. Generally used to Area as a unit of measurement, commonly have square meters, ft2 square yards, etc.
(5) by Volume (Volume) calculated. By Volume of goods limited. Only clinch a deal better than wood, gas and chemical gas etc. Belong to this aspect of the measuring unit. Have cubic meters, cubic foot, cubic yards, etc.
(6) by volume calculation Capacity), all kinds of (grain and liquid cargo, often by volume measurement, among them, the United States to Bushel (Bushel) as the measuring unit of various grain. But bushels represents the weight while for grain will vary, such as per Bushel flax seed for 56 pounds, oats for 32 pounds, soybean and wheat for 60 pounds, liters gallons of oil will be used to sprinkle measurement of the goods.
In accordance with the weight unit, for example, according to the general commercial habits, weight calculation method have the following kinds:
A. net
Net Weight (Weight) refers to.net commodity itself Weight, according to international practice, such as the calculation of Weight in the contract, it should be no other provisions in Net Weight measurement.
Some commodity packaging must be approved by the ability after weighing, income for gross weight. To lower value of goods, can be in stipulate in the contract with Gross weight measurement, the so-called
(2) according to quantity (by) calculation, most manufactured goods, especially daily consumer goods, light industrial products, mechanical products as well as a native products, are used to traded according to quantity, used by measuring unit something. Double, sets of, dozen, volume, make, rose, and a, Taiwan, group, zhang, bags, box, barrel, packet, etc.
(3) by Length (Length), metallic ropes calculation, silk, cloth such contractor lu of transactions, usually adopts meters, feet, measured Length unit code etc.
(4) according to the Area (Area) calculated. In glass, carpet, and other commodities trading. Generally used to Area as a unit of measurement, commonly have square meters, ft2 square yards, etc.
(5) by Volume (Volume) calculated. By Volume of goods limited. Only clinch a deal better than wood, gas and chemical gas etc. Belong to this aspect of the measuring unit. Have cubic meters, cubic foot, cubic yards, etc.
(6) by volume calculation Capacity), all kinds of (grain and liquid cargo, often by volume measurement, among them, the United States to Bushel (Bushel) as the measuring unit of various grain. But bushels represents the weight while for grain will vary, such as per Bushel flax seed for 56 pounds, oats for 32 pounds, soybean and wheat for 60 pounds, liters gallons of oil will be used to sprinkle measurement of the goods.
In accordance with the weight unit, for example, according to the general commercial habits, weight calculation method have the following kinds:
A. net
Net Weight (Weight) refers to.net commodity itself Weight, according to international practice, such as the calculation of Weight in the contract, it should be no other provisions in Net Weight measurement.
Some commodity packaging must be approved by the ability after weighing, income for gross weight. To lower value of goods, can be in stipulate in the contract with Gross weight measurement, the so-called
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你是不是把国贸的书给copy 过来一段啊？我建议你还是找本中文的书来参考比较好哈
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(1) (by Weight) Weight calculated. According to the Weight computation is widely used in international trade today a, for example, many agricultural and sideline products, minerals and manufactured goods, by Weight, measurement, by Weight, measurement of unit has metric tons, long tons, DuanDun, kilograms, Patrick, ounces, etc.
(2) according to quantity (by) calculation, most manufactured goods, especially daily consumer goods, light industrial products, mechanical products as well as a native products, are used to traded according to quantity, used by measuring unit something. Double, sets of, dozen, volume, make, rose, and a, Taiwan, group, zhang, bags, box, barrel, packet, etc.
(3) by Length (Length), metallic ropes calculation, silk, cloth such contractor lu of transactions, usually adopts meters, feet, measured Length unit code etc.
(4) according to the Area (Area) calculated. In glass, carpet, and other commodities trading. Generally used to Area as a unit of measurement, commonly have square meters, ft2 square yards, etc.
(5) by Volume (Volume) calculated. By Volume of goods limited. Only clinch a deal better than wood, gas and chemical gas etc. Belong to this aspect of the measuring unit. Have cubic meters, cubic foot, cubic yards, etc.
(6) by volume calculation Capacity), all kinds of (grain and liquid cargo, often by volume measurement, among them, the United States to Bushel (Bushel) as the measuring unit of various grain. But bushels represents the weight while for grain will vary, such as per Bushel flax seed for 56 pounds, oats for 32 pounds, soybean and wheat for 60 pounds, liters gallons of oil will be used to sprinkle measurement of the goods.
In accordance with the weight unit, for example, according to the general commercial habits, weight calculation method have the following kinds:
A. net
Net Weight (Weight) refers to.net commodity itself Weight, according to international practice, such as the calculation of Weight in the contract, it should be no other provisions in Net Weight measurement.
Some commodity packaging must be approved by the ability after weighing, income for gross weight. To lower value of goods, can be in stipulate in the contract with Gross weight measurement, the so-called "Gross for Net" (Gross for asp.net). If need to net weight calculation, it must be subtracted from the gross weight of the package, namely tare. Basically has the following several calculation tare practice:
· actual tare. Namely weighing everything packaging weight.
· average degrees heavy. The packages comparative equalize circumstance falls, can from all goods extraction of certain number of packaging, to weigh, ask out the average weight of every pieces of packaging.
· habit tare. Suitable for standardized way of packing. The weight of the package, no need for weighing already known.
Robert agreed tare. Both parties agree beforehand packing weight.
B. male quantity
The dry moisture content is not stable commodity, such as wool, silk, cotton, in order to accurately calculate the weight of this kind of goods, international usually adopt Conditoned by male quantity (weight) calculation methods, namely the actual moisture regain determination of commodities by computation commodity (moisture content), then converted to clean heavy male set moisture regain the weight. Computation formula is as follows:
Male = [commodity actual weight / (1 ten actual moisture regain)] X (1 ten male set moisture regain) = commodity in net X (1 ten male set moisture regain)
C. theoretical weight
For some with fixed size of goods, everything is basically the same weight, general but from number calculate total weight. The so-called theory Weight (Weight) Theoretical with convenient buyers and sellers handover goods.
不用机器翻，你翻的出来呀！！！！
(2) according to quantity (by) calculation, most manufactured goods, especially daily consumer goods, light industrial products, mechanical products as well as a native products, are used to traded according to quantity, used by measuring unit something. Double, sets of, dozen, volume, make, rose, and a, Taiwan, group, zhang, bags, box, barrel, packet, etc.
(3) by Length (Length), metallic ropes calculation, silk, cloth such contractor lu of transactions, usually adopts meters, feet, measured Length unit code etc.
(4) according to the Area (Area) calculated. In glass, carpet, and other commodities trading. Generally used to Area as a unit of measurement, commonly have square meters, ft2 square yards, etc.
(5) by Volume (Volume) calculated. By Volume of goods limited. Only clinch a deal better than wood, gas and chemical gas etc. Belong to this aspect of the measuring unit. Have cubic meters, cubic foot, cubic yards, etc.
(6) by volume calculation Capacity), all kinds of (grain and liquid cargo, often by volume measurement, among them, the United States to Bushel (Bushel) as the measuring unit of various grain. But bushels represents the weight while for grain will vary, such as per Bushel flax seed for 56 pounds, oats for 32 pounds, soybean and wheat for 60 pounds, liters gallons of oil will be used to sprinkle measurement of the goods.
In accordance with the weight unit, for example, according to the general commercial habits, weight calculation method have the following kinds:
A. net
Net Weight (Weight) refers to.net commodity itself Weight, according to international practice, such as the calculation of Weight in the contract, it should be no other provisions in Net Weight measurement.
Some commodity packaging must be approved by the ability after weighing, income for gross weight. To lower value of goods, can be in stipulate in the contract with Gross weight measurement, the so-called "Gross for Net" (Gross for asp.net). If need to net weight calculation, it must be subtracted from the gross weight of the package, namely tare. Basically has the following several calculation tare practice:
· actual tare. Namely weighing everything packaging weight.
· average degrees heavy. The packages comparative equalize circumstance falls, can from all goods extraction of certain number of packaging, to weigh, ask out the average weight of every pieces of packaging.
· habit tare. Suitable for standardized way of packing. The weight of the package, no need for weighing already known.
Robert agreed tare. Both parties agree beforehand packing weight.
B. male quantity
The dry moisture content is not stable commodity, such as wool, silk, cotton, in order to accurately calculate the weight of this kind of goods, international usually adopt Conditoned by male quantity (weight) calculation methods, namely the actual moisture regain determination of commodities by computation commodity (moisture content), then converted to clean heavy male set moisture regain the weight. Computation formula is as follows:
Male = [commodity actual weight / (1 ten actual moisture regain)] X (1 ten male set moisture regain) = commodity in net X (1 ten male set moisture regain)
C. theoretical weight
For some with fixed size of goods, everything is basically the same weight, general but from number calculate total weight. The so-called theory Weight (Weight) Theoretical with convenient buyers and sellers handover goods.
不用机器翻，你翻的出来呀！！！！
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