Question

请英语高手来帮我翻一下这部分论文。急啊！

Statement of Problem and Impact :
Tubing, catheters, and syringes are a fundamental aspect of
daily health care provision for the delivery of medications and
fluids to patients. The design of these devices is such that it is
possible to inadvertently connect the wrong syringes and tubing
and then deliver medication or fluids through an unintended
and therefore wrong route. This is due to the multiple devices
used for different routes of administration being able to connect
to each other. The best solution lies with introducing design features
that prevent misconnections and prompt the user to take
the correct action.
Other causes or contributing factors include:
Luer connectors. Used almost universally in a variety of
medical applications to link medical devices, including
fluid delivery (via the enteral, intravascular, spinal, and
epidural routes) and insufflation of gas (in balloon catheters,
endotracheal cuffs, and automatic blood pressure
devices), they have been found to enable functionally
dissimilar tubes or catheters to be connected.
Routine use of tubes or catheters for unintended purposes.
This includes using intravenous (IV) extension
tubing for epidurals, irrigation, drains, and central lines
or to extend enteric feeding tubes.
Positioning of functionally dissimilar tubes used in patient
care in close proximity to one another. For example,
use of an enteral feeding tube near a central intravenous
catheter and tubing.
Movement of the patient from one setting or service
to another.
Staff fatigue associated with working consecutive shifts.
Tubing and catheter misconnections can lead to wrong route
medication errors and result in serious injury or death to the pa-
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
▶
tient. Though these errors are highly preventable and can often
be easily averted, multiple reports of patient injury and death
from such wrong route medication errors indicate that they occur
with relative frequency (1-7). This includes erroneous administration
routes for aerosols.
In the United States of America (USA), nine cases of tubing
misconnections involving seven adults and two infants have
been reported to the Joint Commission’s Sentinel Event database,
resulting in eight deaths and one permanent loss of function
(8). Similar incidents have been reported to other agencies,
including the ECRI Institute, the United States Food and
Drug Administration, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices
(ISMP), and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Data from
these groups reveal that misconnection errors occur with significant
frequency and, in a number of instances, lead to deadly
consequences (9,10).
The most common types of tubes and catheters involved in the
cases reported to the Joint Commission are central venous catheters,
peripheral IV catheters, nasogastric feeding tubes, percutaneous

Answer 1

报表的问题和影响:
管材、导管、或注射器是一个基本的方面
日常保健规定的药物和交付
液体来治疗病人。这些装置的设计,
可能不经意地连接错误的注射器、管材
然后将药物治疗或流体通过一个意想不到的
,因此错误的路线。这是由于多重设备
用于不同路径管理能够连接
到每一个人。最好的办法就是在引入设计特点
预防并提示用户吧
正确的行动。
其它原因或起作用的因素包括:
接头。几乎普遍地使用多种
医疗等领域,包括连接医疗器械
流体交货(通过肠内、血管内的、脊柱,和
硬膜外路线)和成像对气球气体的导管、
气管内袖口和自动血压
设备),他们已发现,这些使功能三个方面
不同的管或连接导管。
常规使用管或为意想不到的用途。导管
这包括使用静脉(四)的分机号码就行了
为油管、灌溉、排水,和中央线
或延长供管饲。
对功能定位不同管用于病人
护理在互相接近。例如,
使用一种喂养管旁边有一个大型中央静脉注射
导管及管材。
运动的病人从手术或服务
到另一个地方。
连续工作相关员工疲劳也会发生变化。
导管管会导致错误的路线
药物错误,导致重伤或死亡的囚徒-

tient。虽然这些错误是高度可以预防和经常
容易避免多个报告,病人的伤害和死亡
从这种错误的路线表明他们用药错误发生
和相应的频率(1)。

Answer 2

这果然是高手才做的到的事啊