间接引语的用法有哪些
间接引语并非由主语直接叙述出来,而是通过第三人转述的。那间接引语应该要怎么使用呢?以下是由我整理关于间接引语的用法的内容,希望大家喜欢!
间接引语的用法
比如:他们说:“皇帝死后将成为神。” [直接引语] Dixere:"Augustus post mortem deum factus erit."
他们说,那个皇帝死后将成为神。[间接引语] Dixere Augustum post mortem deum faciendum esse.
间接引语中,引语的主语要使用宾格,动词要使用不定式,不定式的时态取决于引语、动词发生的时间与主句动词时间的先后性,不定式的性、数取决于间接引语的主语(如前所述,只用宾格)。
如:执政官们认为奴隶们不该被释放。Consules sentiunt servos non esse liberandos.
主句动词认为:sentiunt ,时态是现在时。间接引语中的动词是不定式 liberandos esse,是将来时,因为“被释放”的动作是发生在主句动词“认为”之后的。liberandos 的性(阳性)、数(复数)与间接引语的主语servos 保持一致。
当我们引用别人的话时,我们可以使用别人的原话,也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来。如果引用原话,被引用的部分就称之为直接引语,反之,则称为间接引语。
这里有两句间接引语。前面一句的动词是 interfectum esse,是不定式的完成时,表示“被杀害”的动作是发生在fama erat [消息到来]之前的;后一句的动词是 vivere, 是不定式的现在时,表示“活着”这个动作与消息到来同步。
直接引语变间接引语
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号“ ”标出,叫做直接引语;用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号的叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句(其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式)。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的结构,人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化,如何变化呢?
直接引语
(DirectSpeech):当我们引用别人的话语时,若引用的是原话,被引用的部分叫直接引语。
间接引语
(IndirectSpeech):当我们引用别人的话语时,也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来,这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。
典型例句:
She said,”I like English very much.“(直接引语)
(她说:“我非常喜欢英语”。)
She said she liked English very much.(间接引语)
(她说她非常喜欢英语。)
间接引语的句型转换
①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said, "Can you swim, John?"
→He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I ha-d finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如:
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noi-se. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动名词(或从句)。”如:
He said, "Let’s go to the film."
→He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to s-ee the film.
引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。例如:
John said, "I’m going to London with my father."
约翰说:"我要和父亲到伦敦去。"(引号内是直接引语)
John said that he was going to London with his father.