Question

求翻译论文，具体如下。谢谢谢谢！！

ID as a Process: ID is the systematic development of instruction specifications using learning and instructional theory to ensure the quality of instruction. It is the entire process of analysis of learning needs and goals and the development of a delivery system to meet those needs. It includes development of instructional materials and activities; and tryout and evaluation of all instruction of all instruction and learning activities.
ID as a Discipline: ID is that branch of knowledge concerned with research and theory about instructional strategies and the process for developing and implementing those strategies.
ID as a Science: ID is the science of creating detailed specification for the development, implementation, evaluation, and maintenance of situations that facilitate the learning of both large and small units of subject matter at all levels of complexity.
ID as Reality: ID can start at any point in the design process. Often a glimmer of an idea is developed to give the core of an instruction situation. By the time the entire process is done, the designer looks back and he or she checks to see that all parts of the “science” have been taken into account. Then the entire process is written up as if it occurred in a systematic fashion.
2. Instructional System Design (ISD)
The term instructional system design was defined with a general description of the design process. Stages of design are often presented as a flow diagram or model to be followed in the design of instructional materials. The instructional system approach is a process of planning and developing instruction that makes use of research and learning theory and employs empirical testing as a means for the improvement of instruction.

Instructional System Design (ISD) is an organized procedure that includes the steps of analyzing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating instruction.

Answer 1

ID作为一个过程:身份证的系统开发的指导规格使用学习和教学理论的教学质量保证。它是整个过程分析学生的学习需求和目标和发展输送系统,去满足这些需求。它包括发展指导材料和活动;与调试所有的教导和评价的教与学的活动
我作为一门:身份证和相关知识探索的一个分支,研究和理论的教学策略和过程的开发和实施策略。
ID作为一门科学:我是科学创造详细规格的建立、实施、评价和维护的情况下更有效的学习包括大的和小部队的题材各级复杂性
ID作为现实:我可以开始的任何一个环节的设计过程。通常是微弱的思想是的核心发展给一个指令的情况。在整个过程完成之后,这些设计师向后看,他或她检查,以确保所有的部分的“科学”已被考虑。然后整个过程登载仿佛它发生在一个系统方式中。
2。教学系统设计(新闻处)
这个术语定义教学系统设计与一般的描述的设计过程。设计阶段,往往表现为流程图或者模型设计中必须遵循的教学材料。教学的系统方法就是不断的规划和发展说明利用研究和学习理论,运用实证为手段的改进指导
教学系统设计(新闻处)是一个有组织程序,包括步分析、设计、发展、实施和评价的指导