Question

求翻译 不要谷歌等直接翻译的

Electrochemical experiments that intend to characterise the state of charge (SOC) of lead–acid battery positive plates are presented. These
experiments are designed for potential battery plate production quality control and in situ monitoring of battery condition. A small size probe,
consisting of a counter and a reference electrode encased in a glass body ending to a fine aperture tip and pressed onto the specimen, was used
to apply cathodic galvanostatic pulses on positive plate battery samples. Although this probe arrangement is similar to that of a coulometric
thickness gauge, the porous nature of the battery plate results eventually in full discharge of the entire specimen. However, during the initial
stages of specimen discharge using the contact probe, a potential arrest was observed for fully charged and partially discharged samples and it
was attributed to the time needed for the thickness of a PbSO4 film formed during discharge and the corresponding resistance under the probe’s
tip to reach a critical value for the discharge to spread to the rest of the sample. The duration of this potential arrest was found to be related to
the positive plate’s SOC indicating the possibility of using the technique in positive plate quality control or in situ monitoring.2002 Elsevier
Science B.V. All rights reserved.1. Introduction
Rechargeable batteries are receiving increasing attention
as the demand for environmentally clean energy sources
expands. Traditional applications include starting, lighting
and ignition of automobiles, electric traction and uninterruptible
power supplies used in telecommunications, substations,
chemical plants and nuclear installations [1–5].
The emerging electric vehicle technology aiming to the
development of fuel-cell/battery hybrid electric cars [6] has
further stimulated research into rechargeable batteries.
Despite the emergence of new battery types and fuel-cells,
the lead–acid battery is still the most attractive option from
an economic point of view and is expected to dominate the
above mentioned applications for the foreseeable future.

Answer 1

Electrochemical experiments that intend to characterise the state of charge (SOC) of lead–acid battery positive plates are presented. These
experiments are designed for potential battery plate production quality control and in situ monitoring of battery condition. A small size probe,
consisting of a counter and a reference electrode encased in a glass body ending to a fine aperture tip and pressed onto the specimen, was used
to apply cathodic galvanostatic pulses on positive plate battery samples. Although this probe arrangement is similar to that of a coulometric
thickness gauge, the porous nature of the battery plate results eventually in full discharge of the entire specimen. However, during the initial
stages of specimen discharge using the contact probe, a potential arrest was observed for fully charged and partially discharged samples and it
was attributed to the time needed for the thickness of a PbSO4 film formed during discharge and the corresponding resistance under the probe’s
tip to reach a critical value for the discharge to spread to the rest of the sample. The duration of this potential arrest was found to be related to
the positive plate’s SOC indicating the possibility of using the technique in positive plate quality control or in situ monitoring.2002 Elsevier
Science B.V. All rights reserved.1. Introduction
Rechargeable batteries are receiving increasing attention
as the demand for environmentally clean energy sources
expands. Traditional applications include starting, lighting
and ignition of automobiles, electric traction and uninterruptible
power supplies used in telecommunications, substations,
chemical plants and nuclear installations [1–5].
The emerging electric vehicle technology aiming to the
development of fuel-cell/battery hybrid electric cars [6] has
further stimulated research into rechargeable batteries.
Despite the emergence of new battery types and fuel-cells,
the lead–acid battery is still the most attractive option from
an economic point of view and is expected to dominate the
above mentioned applications for the foreseeable future
现在演示的是对铅酸蓄电池正极电荷状态特点的电化学实验研究。设计这些实验能对潜在蓄电池极板的生产进行质量监控，并且可就地监测电池状况。可用一小型探针对样品电池正极加以负极动态脉冲。将一相反电极和一对照电极包裹在玻璃体中，底部留一孔隙，与样品压紧，就可制成探针。
尽管该探针的设置与电量测厚仪相似，但蓄电池极板的多孔属性最终会导致其与整个样品完全分离。但是在用接触性探针使样品放电这一过程的初期，可在完全充电和部分放电的采样中观察到电势静止。
这一现象可归因于在放电过程中用于形成一定的PbSO4膜厚度所需时间，以及探针达放电临界值从尖端传导到样品其余部分时产生的相应电阻。
我们发现，电势静止所持续的时间与正极的电荷状态有关。该电荷状态预示着对正极运用技术手段进行质量控制，以及在原地进行监测是能够实现的。

Science B.V.版权所有.1.简介

随着对于环保型的清洁能源需求量增多，充电电池备受瞩目。传统的应用领域有：汽车的发动、照明和点火领域，电力牵引，对通信持续供电，变电站，化工厂和核设施。电动车辆的技术飞速发展，旨在开发出可使用燃料电池和普通电池的混合型动力电动车，这又进一步促进了对充电电池的研究。虽然有新型蓄电池和燃料电池出现，铅酸蓄电池从经济角度来看仍然是首选，并且有望在未来占领上述提及的各领域市场。

Answer 2

现在演示的是对铅酸蓄电池正极电荷状态特点的电化学实验研究。设计这些实验能对潜在蓄电池极板的生产进行质量监控，并且可就地监测电池状况。可用一小型探针对样品电池正极加以负极动态脉冲。将一相反电极和一对照电极包裹在玻璃体中，底部留一孔隙，与样品压紧，就可制成探针。
尽管该探针的设置与电量测厚仪相似，但蓄电池极板的多孔属性最终会导致其与整个样品完全分离。但是在用接触性探针使样品放电这一过程的初期，可在完全充电和部分放电的采样中观察到电势静止。
这一现象可归因于在放电过程中用于形成一定的PbSO4膜厚度所需时间，以及探针达放电临界值从尖端传导到样品其余部分时产生的相应电阻。
我们发现，电势静止所持续的时间与正极的电荷状态有关。该电荷状态预示着对正极运用技术手段进行质量控制，以及在原地进行监测是能够实现的。

Science B.V.版权所有.1.简介

随着对于环保型的清洁能源需求量增多，充电电池备受瞩目。传统的应用领域有：汽车的发动、照明和点火领域，电力牵引，对通信持续供电，变电站，化工厂和核设施。电动车辆的技术飞速发展，旨在开发出可使用燃料电池和普通电池的混合型动力电动车，这又进一步促进了对充电电池的研究。虽然有新型蓄电池和燃料电池出现，铅酸蓄电池从经济角度来看仍然是首选，并且有望在未来占领上述提及的各领域市场。

Answer 3

那些电化学实验表明,打算的状态(SOC)主管铅酸电池积极板的方法。这些

实验是专门为潜在的蓄电池极板产品质量控制和现场测试的电池的状态。一个小型探测器,

由一个计数器和参考电极在离家不远的一个玻璃的身体结束罚款孔、压到小费标本,设计方法

申请阴极通电快速锈蚀模拟脉冲在积极的板电池样品。虽然这个探头安排类似于coulometric

测厚仪的渗透性,蓄电池极板最终会在所有排放结果对整个标本。然而,在初始

阶段的标本放电使用接触探头,一个潜在的被捕者的一部分,观察持续充、部分样品和排放

归因于所需时间PbSO4电影的厚薄流量和中形成相应的阻力在探测器的吗

提示及关键值为用以履行扩散到其他样本。这种潜在的逮捕的持续时间被发现相关

积极的板的可能性(SOC)表明采用该技术在积极的板质量控制或原位monitoring.2002出版社

科学B.V. reserved.1所有权利。介绍

可充电电池逐渐受到重视

对清洁的需求清洁能源

扩展。传统程序包括了如何开始、灯具等

和点火汽车、电力牵引和不间断

电力供应用于电信、变电站,

化工厂和核设施(1 - 5)。

新兴的电动汽车技术旨在

开发燃料电池/炮兵连的油电混合车[6]

研究进一步刺激充电池。

尽管新出现的电池类型和fuel-cells,

铅酸电池的仍然是最有吸引力的选择

经济的角度来看,预计将占据了

上述申请可预见的将来。