Question

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(9) Sustainability index (SI): SI is fluctuating between 0.033 and 0.087 when ignoring emissions’ impacts; however, it is changing between 0.024 and 0.064 when considering emissions’impact,and the latter is about 26% lower than the former.which shows that emissions greatly reduce the sustainability of the industry.
Generally speaking, the sustainability of Chinese steel production is decreased in this period. According to the anterior analysis, a lot of nonrenewable resources and purchased inputs make its sustainability very low; however, the falling efficiency of nonrenewable resources and the decreasing fraction of renewable energy aggravate this case; emissions have important impacts on its sustainability, but these impacts are generally declining in the later period.
5. Discussion
This study shows that emissions’ impacts are generally declining in this period, but they still reduce the sustainability of Chinese steel industry obviously. According to the trends of these indicator values in these years, the results from EL, ELP and PT are positive, but the ones from the other five indicators (EYR, EIR, ELR, Renergy/Nenergy and N/(F2 t R3 t R2)) show more negative effects on the sustainability. As a result, the sustainability of this industry is still very low and slightly declining, which mainly lies in a large amount of nonrenewable inputs and low nonrenewable resources and energies’ efficiencies. Therefore, Chinese steel industry should take some measures [83–85] for improving its performances in next years. On the one hand, some advanced technologies and crafts should be progressively popularized in the industry, such as dry quenching technology’s extension and optimization, optimizing energy supplying for electric stoves, the optimized process of casting billet hot delivery and hot charging, coal gas and steam recycle or effective reuse from converter, heat recovery from sinter and coke ovens, and electric stove evaporation cooling. On the other hand, enhancing the ratio of renewable energies in the total
energy consumption is necessary, such as hydraulic power electricity substitutes part of nonrenewable energy in some steel plants in South China. In addition, further cutting emissions is also important, especially controlling carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in wastes gas and NH4t–N in wastewater. Therein, it is vital for the industry to restructure or close down small and medium steel plants in order to popularize advanced technologies and crafts.
6. Conclusions
Emissions’ impacts, mainly coming from air pollutants, are generally decreasing in 1998–2004, but they obviously affect the sustainability of Chinese steel industry. Air pollutants control,especially carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide control, should be more emphasized in future.
The sustainability of the industry is very low, and slightly declining in this period. It is crucial for it to popularize some advanced technologies and crafts for increasing its

Answer 1

可持续性指标（SI）：
SI在0。033到0。087中波动，当忽略了辐射的影响时。然而，它在0。024到0。064之间变换，当考虑到辐射的影响。后面的那数据大约比前面低了26%。因此可以表示，辐射会大量地减少产业的可持续性。
通常来讲，这一时代，中国的钢铁生产的可持续性降低了。根据先前的分析，许多不可再生能源和购买的投入让其的可持续性变得很低，然而不可再生能源效率的下降，以及可再生能源占总量的减少，让这个问题变得更加严重。辐射对可持续性有很重要的影响，但是这写影响在上一个年代已经普遍降低。
5．讨论
那个研究表明辐射的影响在这个年代已经普遍降低，但是它依然明显地减少中国钢铁生产的可持续性。依照这些年的这些指标的趋势来看，关于EL，ELP，PT的结果是比较良好的。但是从另外五个指标（EYR，EIR，ELR，RENERGY/NENERGY 和N（F2 T R3 R2）体现出了更多在可持续性方面的不良结果。结果，这个行业的可持续性依然很低，并且还在缓慢地降低，主要是在大量的不可再生能源的投入方面，和效率低下的可再生能源和能量。因此，中国的钢铁行业应该做一些测量（83-85）来在未来的几年里，提高其表现，业绩。一方面，一些先进的技术和手艺应该逐渐地在此行业中普及，比如干式淬火技术的拓展和优化，优化电炉的能源供应，关于制造钢坯的热传递和热装料的优化程序，煤气和蒸汽的循环使用，或者有效的再利用，通过整流器。从烧结物和炼焦炉中的热回收，以及电炉蒸发降温。另一方面，加强可再生能源在总能源消耗中的比例是很重要的，如水力发电能源来代替不可再生能源，在某些中国南方的钢铁厂里。再者，更多的减量排放很重要，尤其是控制在废气里的二氧化碳和二氧化氮，和在废水里的NH4T-N。在其中，工厂重建或者关闭中，小型的钢铁厂，来普遍化先进的技术和手艺，是非常重要的。
6．总结
排放的影响，主要是空气污染物，在1998-2004在普遍地下降，但是它们明显地影响中国钢铁产业的可持续性。空气污染物的控制，尤其是二氧化碳和二氧化氮的控制，应该在未来更加重视。产业的可持续性非常低，并且在这个年代缓慢地下降。普及一些先进的技术和手艺，是非常重要的。