Question

英语名词性从句的语法知识？

Answer 1

你这个问题太宽泛。只能选择部分回答。

有时因意思表达的需要，要用一个从句在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语，称为名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）。名词性从句作为一个整体，本身在整个句子中起一个名词的作用；同时既是从句，就从句内来说，也有主、谓成份。当然，从句要有引导词。

引导词的基本含义及用法
对于引导词要注意两点：a. 本身所含的意思，b. 其在从句中所充当的句子成分。据此，可以分成几类（这是我自己的办法，要比别的办法管用）
①that
②whether/if, because, as if/though
③when, how, where, why, whenever, wherever, however
④what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
⑤what, whatever, which, whichever, whose
1．That 既无意义，也不在句子中担任成分。
可以说只是一个“标志”，标明所跟的是一个从句而已。
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
2．Whether/if, because, as if 本身有意义，但在从句中不担任成分。
Whether/if --“是否”；because—“因为”；as if—“似乎”
She hesitated whether she should take our advice.
All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
It is because you don’t have confidence.
3．When, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 本身有意义，且在从句中担任状语。
When--“。。。的时间”或“何时”；whenever—“无论何时”，作时间状语
Where—“。。。的地点”或“何地”；wherever—“无论何地”，作地点状语。
Why--“。。。的原因”或“为什么”，作原因状语。
How--“。。。的方式”或“怎样”；however—“无论怎样”，作方式状语。
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.
This is where our basic interest lies.
I don’t know why he is absent.
How the prisoner escaped was a complete mystery.
4．What, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever本身有意义，且在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
What—“。。。的（东西、事情。。。）”或“什么”，whatever—“无论什么”，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
Which—“哪一个/些”，whichever—“无论哪一个/些”，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
Who—“谁”，whoever—“无论谁”，在从句中作主语、表语，有时也可代whom，whomever作宾语。
Whom—“谁”，whomever“无论谁”（罕用），在从句中作宾语。
She is sorry for what she said. （她所说的话）（what无疑问含义）
I don’t know what will happen next. （将发生什么事）（what有疑问含义）
I don't know which of us was the more scared. （我们中的哪一个更害怕）
They never found out who the murderer was. （谋杀者是谁）
He asked whom I'd told about his having been away. （关于他外出我告诉了谁）
He's good at whatever he is does. （他做无论什么事）
5．What, whatever, which, whichever, whose本身有意义，且在从句中作定语
What—“什么（样的）”，whatever— “无论什么（样的）。作定语。
Which—“哪个/些”，whichever—“无论哪个/些”。作定语。
Whose—“谁的”，在从句中作定语。
I wanted to know which school it was you went to. （那个学校）
I didn't know what college I wanted to go to. （什么大学）
I can't remember whose idea it was for us to meet again. （谁的主意）
Whatever doubts he might have had about Ingrid were all over now. （无论什么怀疑）
Learn to relax by whichever method suits you best. （无论什么方法）

Answer 2

名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复杂句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。