英语中什么叫主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,表语,连系动词等等?麻烦讲通俗点
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做什么成分要看在句子中起到什么样的作用,讲解如下,例句中括号内的是成分
主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首.但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面.主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示.
(We) often speak English in class.(代词)
谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后.谓语的构成如下:
\x051、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成.如:He( practices) running every morning.
\x052、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.
如:You (may keep )the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成.如:We (are students.)
宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面,宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和宾语从句等表示.宾语种类:
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend (me)( your dictionary),please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected( him)( their monitor.)
表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后.表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示.
Our teacher of English is (an American.)(名词)
宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整.如果没有宾语补足语句意就不完整,或者改变拘句意.带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补).宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当.(主语补足语同理)
\x05They painted their boat (white.)(形容词)(宾补)
定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语.定语可由以下等成分表示:形容词、分词、名词、代词、动名词、不定式短语及定语从句.
China is a (developing) country; America is a (developed) country.(分词)
状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语.可由以下形式表示:副词及副词性词组,介词短语,不定式短语,分词短语,名词,状语从句
状语的常见种类如下:
\x05How about meeting again (at six)?(时间状语)
\x05Last night she didn’t go to the dance party (because of the rain).(原因状语)
\x05I shall go there( if it doesn’t rain).(条件状语)
\x05Mr Smith lives( on the third floor.)(地点状语)
\x05She put the eggs into the basket (with great care.)(方式状语)
\x05She came in( with a dictionary in her hand.)(伴随状语)
\x05(In order to catch up with the others,)I must work harder.(目的状语)
\x05He was so tired( that he fell asleep immediately.)(结果状语)
\x05She works very hard (though she is old.)(让步状语)
\x05I am taller (than he is.)(比较状语)
主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首.但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面.主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示.
(We) often speak English in class.(代词)
谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后.谓语的构成如下:
\x051、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成.如:He( practices) running every morning.
\x052、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.
如:You (may keep )the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成.如:We (are students.)
宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面,宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和宾语从句等表示.宾语种类:
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend (me)( your dictionary),please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected( him)( their monitor.)
表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后.表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示.
Our teacher of English is (an American.)(名词)
宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整.如果没有宾语补足语句意就不完整,或者改变拘句意.带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补).宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当.(主语补足语同理)
\x05They painted their boat (white.)(形容词)(宾补)
定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语.定语可由以下等成分表示:形容词、分词、名词、代词、动名词、不定式短语及定语从句.
China is a (developing) country; America is a (developed) country.(分词)
状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语.可由以下形式表示:副词及副词性词组,介词短语,不定式短语,分词短语,名词,状语从句
状语的常见种类如下:
\x05How about meeting again (at six)?(时间状语)
\x05Last night she didn’t go to the dance party (because of the rain).(原因状语)
\x05I shall go there( if it doesn’t rain).(条件状语)
\x05Mr Smith lives( on the third floor.)(地点状语)
\x05She put the eggs into the basket (with great care.)(方式状语)
\x05She came in( with a dictionary in her hand.)(伴随状语)
\x05(In order to catch up with the others,)I must work harder.(目的状语)
\x05He was so tired( that he fell asleep immediately.)(结果状语)
\x05She works very hard (though she is old.)(让步状语)
\x05I am taller (than he is.)(比较状语)
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