Question

定语从句分哪几种类型？

Answer 1

定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句不可缺少先行词，去掉它主句意思往往就不明确了，它与主句之间通常不用逗号分开；非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。如：
Do
you
know
the
professor
who
is
speaking
at
the
meeting?
（限制性定语从句）
English
is
an
important
subject,
which
every
student
should
study
well.
（非限制性定语从句）
二、
先行词不尽相同
限制性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词，但非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是句子的一部分，甚至是整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句一般由which或as引导，as引导非限制性定语从句常用在as
is
said
/
known
/
expected
/
mentioned
/
reported
/
announced等结构中。如：
He
has
passed
the
college
entrance
examination,
which
makes
his
parents
quite
happy.
As
is
known
to
everybody,
the
moon
travels
round
the
earth
once
every
month.
三、
关系词的使用情况有所不同
1．
that
不可引导非限制性定语从句。如：
Her
father
gave
her
a
computer
for
her
birthday，which
pleased
her
a
lot.
2．
why
不用在非限制性定语从句中，需用for
which代替。如：
I
told
them
the
reason,
for
which
I
didn't
attend
the
party
last
week.
3．
关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词
whom
在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用
who
代替
whom,
但
whom
在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用
who代替。如：
This
is
the
girl
whom
(who)
I
have
been
in
love
with
for
six
years.
The
young
man
had
a
new
girl
friend,
whom
he
wanted
to
show
all
his
love
for.
4．
关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略；非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。如：
She
is
the
new
student
(whom
/
who
/
that)
I
want
to
introduce
to
you.
All
the
books
there,
which
have
beautiful
pictures
in
them,
were
written
by
him.
四、
下列情形用非限制性定语从句
1.
当“不定数量词
(如some,
several)
／
数词
＋
of
which
／
whom”表示“整体
(which
／
whom)中的一部分”的概念时。如：
We
saw
many
animals
in
the
zoo,
some
of
which
are
tigers．
There
are
fifteen
new
players
in
our
team,
two
of
whom
come
from
Canada.
2.
当先行词为专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如：
My
house,
which
I
bought
last
year,
has
got
a
lovely
garden.
Qingdao,
where
I
have
been
three
times,
is
an
attractive
city
to
foreigners.