Question

如何区分英语句子中的宾语成分和状语成分

Answer 1

句子的宾语是谓语动词的接受者，也称作“受词”，即接受动作的词。能接宾语的动词称作“及物动词”。比如，在 to learn English 中，to learn 是动词，English 是宾语。可作宾语的有名词（包括动名词）、代词、数词或者名词性的词组，和动词不定式以及名词性从句。例：
名词作宾：I want to learn English.
代词作宾：Johnteaches us.
数词作宾语：You havetwo books. I have three.
不定式作宾：They like to watch TV.
动名词作宾：I enjoy working with you.
从句作宾：Could you tell me whathe said?
状语是在句子中说明地点、时间、原因、目的、条件、程度、方式等状态性的成分。作状语的主要是副词，用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或者整个句子。除了副词，介词短语、分词和分词短语、名词、不定式等也可以用作状语。例：
副词作状语: He speaks English verywell.
不定式作目的状：I came to learnChinese.
介词短语作状语：The boy was praised for his bravery.
从句作状语：She began to dance when she was 6years old,
分词作状语：Having done his homework, he left school for home. （现在分词）
Located in Beijing, the Great Hall of People was the biggest building in China fifty yearsago. （过去分词）
名词作状语：We must get together again some day.

Answer 2

宾语位于及物动词或介词后。而状语位置灵活。句前中后都有。