Question

哪些非谓语动词可以做原因状语从句 其 区别是什么

Answer 1

非谓语动词中，动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可以作原因状语。但分词作原因状语的情况更多，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
一、现在分词。
现在分词作状语的时候，与句子的主语的关系为主动关系，即表示句子的主语发出的动作，如：
Stepping carelessly off the sidewalk, he was knocked down by the bus. 他不小心离开了人行道，被公共汽车撞倒了。(表时间，发生于谓语动作之前，置于句首)
He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。(表时间，发生于谓语动作之后，置于句末)
She broke her mirror, dressing to go out. 她在外出前穿着时把镜子打破了。(二者同时发生，置于句末)
While flying over the English Channel, the pilot saw what he thought to be a meteorite. 飞过英吉利海峡时，驾驶员认为他看见了一颗陨星。(强调动作同时发生时，现在分词前可用when或while)
Being sick, I stayed at home. 我因病待在家中。(现在分词being常表原因)
Seeing that it was raining, George put on his raincoat. 鉴于下雨，乔治穿上了雨衣。(seeing that是一表原因的固定说法)
Robbie used the phone to cancel his lunch date with Richard, having suddenly remembered a previous engagement. 罗比打电话取消了他与理查德吃午餐的约会，因为他突然想起已另有他约。(这里的having remembered是现在分词的完成式，置于句末的现在分词完成式常表原因)
According to this theory, a large meteor hitting the moon would melt the surface rock by the force of the collision. 根据此理论，一颗大流星落在月球上所产生的碰撞力就会使月球表面上的岩石熔化。(表条件，置于谓语之前，也可以认为是现在分词作定语修饰meteor)
Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet. 坐下吧，埃玛。你老站着，只会弄得你更累。(表条件，置于谓语之后)
I think Michelle is better off staying where she is. 我认为米歇尔最好留在原来的地方。（表示条件）
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。(表让步，置于句首)
Finally we appealed to a famous doctor knowing it was very improper to ask him to work on a dog. 最后我们向一位名医呼救，虽然我们知道请他给一条狗治病是很不适宜的。(表让步，置于句末)
The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. 那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。(表结果，置于句末)
He said that the leaves of his jasmine plant had turned yellow. He thought that it was due to a water shortage so he applied more water, only making things worse. 他说他的茉莉花的叶子变黄了。他想是缺水所致，于是多浇了水，结果反而更糟。(表反面的结果，与only连用)
He died a glorious death fighting the bandits for us. 他为我们与匪徒战斗，光荣牺牲了。(表方式)
He sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅上看报纸。(表伴随情况)
二、过去分词。
过去分词作状语的时候，与主语之间的关系为被动关系，即句子的主语承受过去分词所表示的动作，如：
Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗中走进时，那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。(表时间)
Asked why he came to do Hamlet, he said that he felt a sort of responsibility to introduce Shakespeare’s pays to Chinese audiences. 当他被问到为什么来演出《哈姆雷特》时，他说他感到有责任把莎士比亚的剧作介绍给中国观众。(表时间)
The couple took good care of the baby while occupied by their work. 这对夫妇一边工作，一边很好地照顾着婴儿。(强调时间概念时，过去分词之前可用连词when或while)
Born and bred in the countryside, he was bewildered by the big city. 他生长在乡下，对这座大城市感到迷惑。(表原因)
Gone from home so long, they joyously embraced their mates of boyhood. 他们久离家乡，高兴地拥抱他们的儿时伙伴。(表原因)
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。(表条件)
Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. 如从这个角度看，问题并不是像人们一般料想的那样严重。(表条件)
Mocked at by everybody, he had my sympathy. 人人都嘲笑他，但我却同情他。(表让步)
Beaten by the police, sent to jail, Gandhi inverted the principle of nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监牢，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。(表让步)
Although exhausted by the climb, he continued his journey. 他虽然爬得很累，但仍继续前进。(强调让步观念时，过去分词前可用连词although)
The lichens came borne by storms. 这些地衣是由暴风雨带来的。(表方式)
Trains in this country spend too much time stopped, waiting for other trains. 在这个国家，火车停留等待其它火车的时间太长了。(表伴随情况)