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各位英语高手帮帮忙~~翻译一下下面这段外文!!急急~!!! 15
StatisticalAnalysisThedataforms,whichhadbeenfilledoutbyhand,wereelectronicallyentered...
Statistical Analysis
The data forms, which had been filled out by hand, were electronically entered into a database and verified by a professional data-entry vendor and then sent to the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston for analysis. Analyses were conducted with the use of the SAS 8.2 and Stata SE 8.0 statistical software packages. To compare characteristics of claims with and claims without errors, we used Fisher's exact tests (for analyses involving the sex of the plaintiff, specialty of the defendant, severity of injury, type of claim, and litigation outcomes), t-tests (for analyses involving the age of the plaintiff and filing and closure periods), and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (for analyses involving indemnity and defense costs). All reported P values are two-sided.
The total cost of claims in the sample was calculated and apportioned between claims with and those without errors. The analysis addressed the direct costs of the litigation, not the indirect costs, such as those associated with the practice of defensive medicine.22 We refer to the patient who allegedly sustained injury as the plaintiff, even though some claims were brought by third parties. We used kappa scores to measure the reliability of the determinations of injury and error.23
Results
Characteristics of the Plaintiffs
Sixty percent of the plaintiffs were female (Table 1). The median age of the plaintiffs was 38 years; 19 percent were newborns, and 12 percent were 65 years of age or older. Obstetrician-gynecologists were the most frequently sued physicians in the sample (19 percent), followed by general surgeons (17 percent) and primary care physicians (16 percent).
Table 1. Characteristics of Litigants, Injuries, and 1452 Claims.
In 37 of the claims (3 percent), no adverse outcome from medical care was evident. For example, one claim alleged that substandard care had caused the plaintiff to acquire methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but there was no evidence of infection in the medical record or claim file. An additional 52 claims (4 percent) involved psychological or emotional injury, and 9 (<1 percent) contained only allegations of breaches of informed consent. The remaining claims involved physical injury, which was typically severe. Eighty percent of claims involved injuries that caused significant or major disability (39 percent and 15 percent, respectively) or death (26 percent).
Eighty-three percent of the claims were closed between 1995 and 2004; 62 percent were closed in 1998 or later. The average length of time between the occurrence of the injury and the closure of the claim was five years. 展开
The data forms, which had been filled out by hand, were electronically entered into a database and verified by a professional data-entry vendor and then sent to the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston for analysis. Analyses were conducted with the use of the SAS 8.2 and Stata SE 8.0 statistical software packages. To compare characteristics of claims with and claims without errors, we used Fisher's exact tests (for analyses involving the sex of the plaintiff, specialty of the defendant, severity of injury, type of claim, and litigation outcomes), t-tests (for analyses involving the age of the plaintiff and filing and closure periods), and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (for analyses involving indemnity and defense costs). All reported P values are two-sided.
The total cost of claims in the sample was calculated and apportioned between claims with and those without errors. The analysis addressed the direct costs of the litigation, not the indirect costs, such as those associated with the practice of defensive medicine.22 We refer to the patient who allegedly sustained injury as the plaintiff, even though some claims were brought by third parties. We used kappa scores to measure the reliability of the determinations of injury and error.23
Results
Characteristics of the Plaintiffs
Sixty percent of the plaintiffs were female (Table 1). The median age of the plaintiffs was 38 years; 19 percent were newborns, and 12 percent were 65 years of age or older. Obstetrician-gynecologists were the most frequently sued physicians in the sample (19 percent), followed by general surgeons (17 percent) and primary care physicians (16 percent).
Table 1. Characteristics of Litigants, Injuries, and 1452 Claims.
In 37 of the claims (3 percent), no adverse outcome from medical care was evident. For example, one claim alleged that substandard care had caused the plaintiff to acquire methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but there was no evidence of infection in the medical record or claim file. An additional 52 claims (4 percent) involved psychological or emotional injury, and 9 (<1 percent) contained only allegations of breaches of informed consent. The remaining claims involved physical injury, which was typically severe. Eighty percent of claims involved injuries that caused significant or major disability (39 percent and 15 percent, respectively) or death (26 percent).
Eighty-three percent of the claims were closed between 1995 and 2004; 62 percent were closed in 1998 or later. The average length of time between the occurrence of the injury and the closure of the claim was five years. 展开
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统计分析
数据形式,已被填补了手,分别签订了电子数据库,并通过专业的数据录入供应商核实,然后送到波士顿的哈佛大学公共卫生学院进行分析。分别进行分析的SAS 8.2和Stata 8.0统计软件SE的包使用。为了比较没有错误与索赔和索赔的特点,我们采用Fisher的精确检验(用于分析涉及原告性别,被告专业,损伤程度,索赔类型,诉讼结果),t -检验(用于分析涉及原告和备案和封闭期),和Wilcoxon秩和检验龄(分析涉及赔偿和国防费用)。所有报告的P值具有两面性。
在样品中的总成本,计算索赔之间有没有出现错误的索赔和分摊。分析解决了诉讼,而不是间接成本,如与防御medicine.22实践中,我们指的是病人谁据称持续作为原告损伤的人来说,直接成本,即使有些索赔是由第三方提出。我们用卡巴分数来衡量确定受伤的可靠性和error.23
结果
原告的特点
百分之六十的原告为女性(见表1)。原告的年龄中位数为38岁,百分之十九是新生儿和百分之十二为65岁以上的老年人。妇产科医生是在样本(百分之十九),由一般外科医生(百分之十七),小学(百分之十六)保健医生其次,最经常被起诉的医生。
表1。当事人的特点,伤害和1452索赔。
在索赔(百分之三),无不良后果,从医疗保健37是显而易见的。例如,一个声称涉嫌不合格保健造成了原告获得甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌,但没有感染的医疗记录或索赔文件证据。另外一个52索赔(百分之四)涉及心理或情绪受伤,9“(<1个百分点),载有违反知情同意只指控。其余索赔涉及人身伤害,这是典型的严重。百分之八十涉及债权,造成重大伤亡或重大残疾(百分之39和15百分点,分别)或死亡(26百分比)。
八十三的百分之索赔被关闭1995年至2004年百分之62在1998年或稍后关闭。之间造成伤害的发生和结束时间的要求是五年的平均长度
数据形式,已被填补了手,分别签订了电子数据库,并通过专业的数据录入供应商核实,然后送到波士顿的哈佛大学公共卫生学院进行分析。分别进行分析的SAS 8.2和Stata 8.0统计软件SE的包使用。为了比较没有错误与索赔和索赔的特点,我们采用Fisher的精确检验(用于分析涉及原告性别,被告专业,损伤程度,索赔类型,诉讼结果),t -检验(用于分析涉及原告和备案和封闭期),和Wilcoxon秩和检验龄(分析涉及赔偿和国防费用)。所有报告的P值具有两面性。
在样品中的总成本,计算索赔之间有没有出现错误的索赔和分摊。分析解决了诉讼,而不是间接成本,如与防御medicine.22实践中,我们指的是病人谁据称持续作为原告损伤的人来说,直接成本,即使有些索赔是由第三方提出。我们用卡巴分数来衡量确定受伤的可靠性和error.23
结果
原告的特点
百分之六十的原告为女性(见表1)。原告的年龄中位数为38岁,百分之十九是新生儿和百分之十二为65岁以上的老年人。妇产科医生是在样本(百分之十九),由一般外科医生(百分之十七),小学(百分之十六)保健医生其次,最经常被起诉的医生。
表1。当事人的特点,伤害和1452索赔。
在索赔(百分之三),无不良后果,从医疗保健37是显而易见的。例如,一个声称涉嫌不合格保健造成了原告获得甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌,但没有感染的医疗记录或索赔文件证据。另外一个52索赔(百分之四)涉及心理或情绪受伤,9“(<1个百分点),载有违反知情同意只指控。其余索赔涉及人身伤害,这是典型的严重。百分之八十涉及债权,造成重大伤亡或重大残疾(百分之39和15百分点,分别)或死亡(26百分比)。
八十三的百分之索赔被关闭1995年至2004年百分之62在1998年或稍后关闭。之间造成伤害的发生和结束时间的要求是五年的平均长度
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统计分析
数据形式,用手了,进了一个数据库,以电子邮件的方式进行了专业数据录入供应商再送至波士顿哈佛公共健康学院的进行分析。 分析了利用SAS 8.2及Stata SE里氏8.0级的统计软件包。 比较债权的特点,并声称没有错误,我们用费舍尔的确切测试(包括进行分析的性别专业的原告、被告,严重的伤害,类型的要求,和诉讼的结果),t-tests(分析涉及年龄原告和归档、截流时期),医院进行分析的rank-sum测试(包括赔偿和防御成本)。 所有报告的P值都是双面的。
请求的总成本计算和样品债权之间分配,没有错误。 分析的直接成本提出诉讼,而不是间接成本,如防守的实践相关medicine.22我们把病人的依其申述是持续损伤的原告,即使一些所带来的声明是第三方。 我们用显示分数测量的可靠性和损伤error.23决定
结果
原告的特点
百分之六十的原告是女性(表1)。 原告的平均年龄是38岁,19%的人是和12%的新生儿,是65岁或以上。 Obstetrician-gynecologists是最常起诉医师抽取所需的样本(19%),其次是一般外科医生(17%)和初级护理医师(16%)。
表1。 当事人的特点,伤病,1452索赔。
债权的37个州(3%),没有不良预后医疗非常明显。 例如,一个索赔声称不合标准的指标使原告获得耐甲氧西林金葡萄球菌,但并没有什么证据表明感染
数据形式,用手了,进了一个数据库,以电子邮件的方式进行了专业数据录入供应商再送至波士顿哈佛公共健康学院的进行分析。 分析了利用SAS 8.2及Stata SE里氏8.0级的统计软件包。 比较债权的特点,并声称没有错误,我们用费舍尔的确切测试(包括进行分析的性别专业的原告、被告,严重的伤害,类型的要求,和诉讼的结果),t-tests(分析涉及年龄原告和归档、截流时期),医院进行分析的rank-sum测试(包括赔偿和防御成本)。 所有报告的P值都是双面的。
请求的总成本计算和样品债权之间分配,没有错误。 分析的直接成本提出诉讼,而不是间接成本,如防守的实践相关medicine.22我们把病人的依其申述是持续损伤的原告,即使一些所带来的声明是第三方。 我们用显示分数测量的可靠性和损伤error.23决定
结果
原告的特点
百分之六十的原告是女性(表1)。 原告的平均年龄是38岁,19%的人是和12%的新生儿,是65岁或以上。 Obstetrician-gynecologists是最常起诉医师抽取所需的样本(19%),其次是一般外科医生(17%)和初级护理医师(16%)。
表1。 当事人的特点,伤病,1452索赔。
债权的37个州(3%),没有不良预后医疗非常明显。 例如,一个索赔声称不合标准的指标使原告获得耐甲氧西林金葡萄球菌,但并没有什么证据表明感染
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楼主,麻烦采纳,下面有的没写哦。
统计分析
数据形式,用手了,进了一个数据库,以电子邮件的方式进行了专业数据录入供应商再送至波士顿哈佛公共健康学院的进行分析。分析了利用SAS 8.2及Stata SE里氏8.0级的统计软件包。比较债权的特点,并声称没有错误,我们用费舍尔的确切测试(包括进行分析的性别专业的原告、被告,严重的伤害,类型的要求,和诉讼的结果),t-tests(分析涉及年龄原告和归档、截流时期),医院进行分析的rank-sum测试(包括赔偿和防御成本)。所有报告的P值都是双面的。
请求的总成本计算和样品债权之间分配,没有错误。分析的直接成本提出诉讼,而不是间接成本,如防守的实践相关 药.22我们把病人的依其申述是持续损伤的原告,即使一些所带来的声明是第三方。我们用显示分数测量的可靠性和损伤错误.23决定
结果
原告的特点
百分之六十的原告是女性(表1)。原告的平均年龄是38岁,19%的人是和12%的新生儿,是65岁或以上。妇产科医生是最常起诉医师抽取所需的样本(19%),其次是一般外科医生(17%)和初级护理医师(16%)。
表1。当事人的特点,伤病,1452索赔。
债权的37个州(3%),没有不良预后医疗非常明显。例如,一个索赔声称不合标准的指标使原告获得耐甲氧西林金葡萄球菌,但并没有什么证据表明 感染
统计分析
数据形式,用手了,进了一个数据库,以电子邮件的方式进行了专业数据录入供应商再送至波士顿哈佛公共健康学院的进行分析。分析了利用SAS 8.2及Stata SE里氏8.0级的统计软件包。比较债权的特点,并声称没有错误,我们用费舍尔的确切测试(包括进行分析的性别专业的原告、被告,严重的伤害,类型的要求,和诉讼的结果),t-tests(分析涉及年龄原告和归档、截流时期),医院进行分析的rank-sum测试(包括赔偿和防御成本)。所有报告的P值都是双面的。
请求的总成本计算和样品债权之间分配,没有错误。分析的直接成本提出诉讼,而不是间接成本,如防守的实践相关 药.22我们把病人的依其申述是持续损伤的原告,即使一些所带来的声明是第三方。我们用显示分数测量的可靠性和损伤错误.23决定
结果
原告的特点
百分之六十的原告是女性(表1)。原告的平均年龄是38岁,19%的人是和12%的新生儿,是65岁或以上。妇产科医生是最常起诉医师抽取所需的样本(19%),其次是一般外科医生(17%)和初级护理医师(16%)。
表1。当事人的特点,伤病,1452索赔。
债权的37个州(3%),没有不良预后医疗非常明显。例如,一个索赔声称不合标准的指标使原告获得耐甲氧西林金葡萄球菌,但并没有什么证据表明 感染
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分太低了吧
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