Question

语法基础之从句篇

Answer 1

限定从属分句就是我们传统意义上的从句。从句依附于主句�，不能独立成句但是具有主语与谓语部分。

1. 从句作为主语

例：What he needs is some rest.

如果从句过长，需要用it作形式主语�。

例：Whether technology can be considered as the “motor of society” is a chicken and egg debate.

如果将从句用作主语的话，容易造成头重脚轻的感觉，这时候需要用it做形式主语，改成

It is a chicken and egg debate whether technology can be considered as the "motor of society”.

2. 从句作直接宾语�（与谓语动词的关系不如NP紧密，可插入其它成分）

①decide that…

例：We decided that we would do it together.

②wonder whether/if/wh- phrase…

�例：I wonder whether/if I am good enough.�    

I wonder who did not come to work.

③mention to NP that…�（这里的to NP是一个可省略的补语，that从句才是直接宾语。）

�例：He mentioned (to me) that he was writing it.

④tell NP that…（这里的NP是间接宾语；that...从句是直接宾语�）

例：She told me that she had started her application.

可以将间接宾语变成主语，改为：I was told that she had started her application.

⑤ask/show/teach/tell NP whether/if/wh-phrase…

例：I asked her whether she would like to join us.�    

He told us what a great job we had done.�    

The mother is teaching her boy what to do.

⑥consider it NP/AdjP that/wh-phrase…（这里的it是形式宾语）

例：Some scientists consider it possible that AI would take the interpreters’ places one day.�    

We consider it a major concern how the problem is dealt with.

3. 从句作补语从句

由谓语动词引出的，但是不属于直接宾语、间接宾语或表语补足语的从句被称为补语从句。

①persuade NP that…

例：We persuaded them that we could do it.

②remind NP whether/if/wh-phrase…

�例：It reminds me whether I am on track.

③It seem (+PP) that/as if…

例：It seems (to me) that there is still enough room.

4. 作为主语相关的表语补足语�句式：be that/wh-phrase…

�例：The first myth is how this is possible.�    

What I wonder is whether we could finish it.

5. 从句作为修饰语—用于在省略if时标记该分句为从句：�（一般需要倒装�）

例：Had I spent more time on study, I should now be doing my PhD.�    

Should I be accepted, I will spare no efforts to do researches.

关系从句/定语从句的作用：�提供与先行词相关的信息

1. wh- 从句

关系代词：�who, whom, whose, which 其它：when, where, why

例：In the period when he was writing, he reached the climax of his career.

�There is no fixed place where it is kept.�The reason why… is because…

which可以修饰整个主句

例：In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.

2. 非wh-从句（即that从句）

例：The work that we do is nothing special.

3. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

非限定性从句有逗号隔开�比较：The pizza which you ordered is finished.�Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.

that只用于限定性定语从句，which则二者皆可

4. 自由定语从句�

自由关系代词用于自由关系从句（取代NP的位置）。它的特点是没有先行词。

What > who(m), which

例：What you do is just to switch it off.

whatever, who(m)ever

例：Is it worth complaining to whoever was in charge?