大学英语六级考试短文写作精讲－13
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2. 起伴随或补充说明作用的从句、简单句或并列谓语往往可以改写为“with +名词+分词/形容词/介词词组”的结构作状语。
1) they wear layers of clothes even in summer time. newspapers are stuffed between the layers as further protection against bad weather.
2) if more people help them, they probably will be able to accomplish the task ahead of time.
3) as all his savings were gone, he started to look for a job.
4) in the corner there is a table. one of its legs is shorter than the others.
5) when the job was finished, we went to the seaside for a holiday.
6) as the pace of change is quickening, more and more scientists find it hard to keep up with the latest developments even in their own disciplines.
7) she looked in my face and tears streamed down her cheeks.
3. 还有另外一些从句或简单句也可以改写为介词词组作状语。
1) she won’t go home until she has taken the exam.
2) because he had a bad leg, he couldn’t walk as fast as the others.
3) we are full aware that the situation is serious.
4) she hurried back to school for fear that she miss too many lessons.
5) we should not criticize susan for what she has done. instead, we ought to praise her for it.
6) helen did not go straight home after school. she went to work as a waitress in a restaurant.
7) i am not going to send the book to allan by post. i am going to take it to him myself.
8) dr. wilson did not go to new york yesterday to attend his daughter’s wedding. he flew to florida for an emergency case.
4. 系表结构的定语从句往往可以改写为直接用形容词、介词词组或分词结构作定语。
1) i love girls who are intelligent
2) at the party, i got to know a professor who is in his thirties.
3) i hate to see letters that are written in pencil.
4) the substance, which was discovered almost by accident, has revolutionized medicine.
5) among those who are taking part in the work, he is probably the most active.
5. 两个句子的主语一致时，其中一个往往可以改写成分词结构作状语。
1) every one of us had been convinced that the project was feasible by the time we left the meeting.
2) as peter got home from the three-month-long journey to the antarctic he looked tired out.
3) they went hunting for hours, but when they returned they were empty-handed.
4) when he entered the office he was still annoyed by the way she spoke to him.
5) teenagers are pressured by school work. they are also encouraged by their peers. under such circumstances, they resort to smoking.
6) college students now are primarily interested in grades and economic success. they cheat on exams more frequently.
6. 两个句子的主语相关但不一致时，其中一个句子往往可以改写成分词的独立结构作状语。
1) he sat in front of them. and his dusty face masked his age.
2) she heard a continual strange noise coming from the next room. her heart beat fast.
3) the old beggar sat at the corner. tears welled up in his eyes.
4) jim continued on his way. the dog was jumping about in front of him.
5) the girl in the snapshot wore a broad smile. her long hair flowed in the breeze.
7. 解释性的语句往往可以改写成同位语。
1) this is mr. black. he is director of our hospital.
2) “leave it to me,” said peter. peter was the man on duty.
3) qinghai lake is the largest inland body of salt water in china. it lies 3195 meters above sea level.
4) the whole plan was completed within three months. that is half the usual time.
5) he read all kinds of books. they were ancient and modern, chinese and foreign.
6) he was formerly a worker himself. he is now an engineer.
7) she is a mother of three children. she has now entered a college again for further education.
(四) 倒装句
英语的句子在以下几种情况下可以倒装。
1.否定词位于句首时
1) i have never been to europe.
2) he had hardly eaten anything before the dinner was over.
3) she had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.
4) anne had arrived no sooner than she fell ill.
5) she cares little about what others say about her.
2.so, nor, neither等词位于句首，表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时
1) richard can speak japanese. his sister can speak japanese, too.
2) copper is a good conductor. many other metals are good conductors, too.
3) paul could not dance, and he could not sing either.
4) the husband was not hospitable to the visitor. and the wife did not say a word of welcome either.
3.含有so...that结构的句子将so引导的部分位于句首时
1) he was so excited that he could not go to sleep.
2) he spoke so forcefully at the meeting that everyone present was convinced.
3) he worked so hard that he obtained his ph. d. degree one year ahead of schedule.
4.only引出的状语位于句首时
1) his father called his name only once.
2) the doctor realized only then that his patient needed surgery.
3) we can conclude the business only when you adjust down your price.
5.主语部分过长或上下文需要衔接时
1) the young father who wished to purchase a life insurance policy and agreed to pay a sum of $200 per year for 40 years was sitting in front of the counter.
2) the question of how to face the possibilities of illness, injury, death and financial loss is more
important.
3) the writing of a dictionary involves a number of tasks. the reading of literature, the copying
of words on cards, the sorting of the cards and the writing of definitions are among them.
(五) 被动句
英语中被动句的使用远远多于汉语。以下几种情况英语都用被动语态：(1)不知道动作的执行者;(2)没有必要指出或不想指出动作的执行者;(3)虽然需要同时指出动作的执行者但更强调动作的承受者。
将下列句子改为被动形式。
1) they saw joe’s father return after dark.
2) they do not allow you to smoke in the laboratory.
3) we should take effective measures to stop various forms of pollution.
4) when she was in shanghai we heard the actress say she had long thought of the city as her second home.
5) people saw the young man enter the building next to the bank.
6) after the minister of education had finished speaking at the press conference, people made him answer all sorts of questions.
7) i don’t think anyone can make tom do what he dislikes.
8) i heard the wind roar through the trees.
9) what should one do in a case like this?
(六) 强调句
改写下列句子，强调划线部分。
1) jefferson wrote the declaration of independence.
2) the author praises all that is progressive with genuine(真实的) feeling.
3) we could not cross the river because the water had risen.
4) jim, a heartless fellow, was heard shouting at his mother in the dead of night(在深夜).
5) mrs. williams didn’t know anything about it until i told her.
1) they wear layers of clothes even in summer time. newspapers are stuffed between the layers as further protection against bad weather.
2) if more people help them, they probably will be able to accomplish the task ahead of time.
3) as all his savings were gone, he started to look for a job.
4) in the corner there is a table. one of its legs is shorter than the others.
5) when the job was finished, we went to the seaside for a holiday.
6) as the pace of change is quickening, more and more scientists find it hard to keep up with the latest developments even in their own disciplines.
7) she looked in my face and tears streamed down her cheeks.
3. 还有另外一些从句或简单句也可以改写为介词词组作状语。
1) she won’t go home until she has taken the exam.
2) because he had a bad leg, he couldn’t walk as fast as the others.
3) we are full aware that the situation is serious.
4) she hurried back to school for fear that she miss too many lessons.
5) we should not criticize susan for what she has done. instead, we ought to praise her for it.
6) helen did not go straight home after school. she went to work as a waitress in a restaurant.
7) i am not going to send the book to allan by post. i am going to take it to him myself.
8) dr. wilson did not go to new york yesterday to attend his daughter’s wedding. he flew to florida for an emergency case.
4. 系表结构的定语从句往往可以改写为直接用形容词、介词词组或分词结构作定语。
1) i love girls who are intelligent
2) at the party, i got to know a professor who is in his thirties.
3) i hate to see letters that are written in pencil.
4) the substance, which was discovered almost by accident, has revolutionized medicine.
5) among those who are taking part in the work, he is probably the most active.
5. 两个句子的主语一致时，其中一个往往可以改写成分词结构作状语。
1) every one of us had been convinced that the project was feasible by the time we left the meeting.
2) as peter got home from the three-month-long journey to the antarctic he looked tired out.
3) they went hunting for hours, but when they returned they were empty-handed.
4) when he entered the office he was still annoyed by the way she spoke to him.
5) teenagers are pressured by school work. they are also encouraged by their peers. under such circumstances, they resort to smoking.
6) college students now are primarily interested in grades and economic success. they cheat on exams more frequently.
6. 两个句子的主语相关但不一致时，其中一个句子往往可以改写成分词的独立结构作状语。
1) he sat in front of them. and his dusty face masked his age.
2) she heard a continual strange noise coming from the next room. her heart beat fast.
3) the old beggar sat at the corner. tears welled up in his eyes.
4) jim continued on his way. the dog was jumping about in front of him.
5) the girl in the snapshot wore a broad smile. her long hair flowed in the breeze.
7. 解释性的语句往往可以改写成同位语。
1) this is mr. black. he is director of our hospital.
2) “leave it to me,” said peter. peter was the man on duty.
3) qinghai lake is the largest inland body of salt water in china. it lies 3195 meters above sea level.
4) the whole plan was completed within three months. that is half the usual time.
5) he read all kinds of books. they were ancient and modern, chinese and foreign.
6) he was formerly a worker himself. he is now an engineer.
7) she is a mother of three children. she has now entered a college again for further education.
(四) 倒装句
英语的句子在以下几种情况下可以倒装。
1.否定词位于句首时
1) i have never been to europe.
2) he had hardly eaten anything before the dinner was over.
3) she had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.
4) anne had arrived no sooner than she fell ill.
5) she cares little about what others say about her.
2.so, nor, neither等词位于句首，表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时
1) richard can speak japanese. his sister can speak japanese, too.
2) copper is a good conductor. many other metals are good conductors, too.
3) paul could not dance, and he could not sing either.
4) the husband was not hospitable to the visitor. and the wife did not say a word of welcome either.
3.含有so...that结构的句子将so引导的部分位于句首时
1) he was so excited that he could not go to sleep.
2) he spoke so forcefully at the meeting that everyone present was convinced.
3) he worked so hard that he obtained his ph. d. degree one year ahead of schedule.
4.only引出的状语位于句首时
1) his father called his name only once.
2) the doctor realized only then that his patient needed surgery.
3) we can conclude the business only when you adjust down your price.
5.主语部分过长或上下文需要衔接时
1) the young father who wished to purchase a life insurance policy and agreed to pay a sum of $200 per year for 40 years was sitting in front of the counter.
2) the question of how to face the possibilities of illness, injury, death and financial loss is more
important.
3) the writing of a dictionary involves a number of tasks. the reading of literature, the copying
of words on cards, the sorting of the cards and the writing of definitions are among them.
(五) 被动句
英语中被动句的使用远远多于汉语。以下几种情况英语都用被动语态：(1)不知道动作的执行者;(2)没有必要指出或不想指出动作的执行者;(3)虽然需要同时指出动作的执行者但更强调动作的承受者。
将下列句子改为被动形式。
1) they saw joe’s father return after dark.
2) they do not allow you to smoke in the laboratory.
3) we should take effective measures to stop various forms of pollution.
4) when she was in shanghai we heard the actress say she had long thought of the city as her second home.
5) people saw the young man enter the building next to the bank.
6) after the minister of education had finished speaking at the press conference, people made him answer all sorts of questions.
7) i don’t think anyone can make tom do what he dislikes.
8) i heard the wind roar through the trees.
9) what should one do in a case like this?
(六) 强调句
改写下列句子，强调划线部分。
1) jefferson wrote the declaration of independence.
2) the author praises all that is progressive with genuine(真实的) feeling.
3) we could not cross the river because the water had risen.
4) jim, a heartless fellow, was heard shouting at his mother in the dead of night(在深夜).
5) mrs. williams didn’t know anything about it until i told her.
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