Question

PID控制器是如何实现的

Answer 1

In the conventional PID control algorithm, the proportional, integral and derivative parts are implemented in the forward loop, thus acting on the error between the set-point and closed-loop response. This PID controller implementation may lead to an undesirable phenomenon, namely the derivative kick. Also, by moving the PD part into an inner feedback loop, an unstable or integrating process can be stabilized and then controlled more effectively by the PI controller in the forward path. 在传统的 PID 控制算法中将因此根据之间设置点和闭环响应错误的正向循环中实现比例、 积分和衍生金融工具的部件。 此 PID 控制器实现可能会导致一个不良的现象就是衍生的踢。 同时，通过将局部放电的一部分移动到一个内部反馈循环，一个不稳定的或将集成过程可以稳定，然后向前路径中的 PI 控制器通过更有效地控制。
Therefore, the control structure shown in Fig. 1, which is known as a PI-PD control structure, has been proposed. In this structure, G(s) is the plant transfer function因此，提出控制结构，称为 PI-PD 控制结构的图 1 所示。 在这种结构 G(s) 是植物传递函数
and GPI(s) and GPD(s) are the PI and PD controller transfer functions, respectively, which have the following ideal forms: 与 GPI(s) 和 GPD(s) PI 和 PD 控制器传输功能，分别是，哪有以下的理想形式：

This structure, which uses an inner feedback loop, is not a totally new concept. Benouarets [11] was the first to mention the PI-PD controller structure. Unfortunately, its true potential was not recognized there as it was used to control plants with simple stable real pole transfer functions where its advantages are relatively minor. Later, Kwak et al. [6] and Park et al. [2] used a PID-P control structure for controlling integrating and unstable processes, respectively. However, as they still use the derivative term, D, in the forward path, the structure这种结构，使用一个内反馈循环，不是一种全新的概念。 Benouarets [11] 率先提 PI-PD 控制器结构。 不幸的是，它的真正潜力未被识别存在，它用来控制植物与真正的简单稳定杆传递函数，其优点是相对较小。 稍后，郭 et al.[6] 和 [2] 公园 et al.，分别控制集成和不稳定的进程使用-P PID 控制结构。 但是，作为他们仍使用该结构正向的路径中的衍生金融工具的术语 D，
may result in a derivative kick. Also, they use a gain only controller to alter the open-loop unstable or integrating processes to open-loop stable processes and then可能会导致衍生的踢。 他们还，改变开环稳定进程的开环不稳定或集成过程使用增益唯一控制器，然后
use the PID controller for an effective control of the overall system. It is better to use an inner feedback loop with a PD controller rather than a P-only controller, as this not only converts the open-loop unstable or integrating processes to open-loop stable processes but also guarantees more suitable pole locations. To clarify this better, consider the PD controller of the form given by
Eq. 2 and a general plant transfer function of 使用一个有效的控制整个系统的 PID 控制器。 最好 PD 控制器，而不是一个只 P 的控制器使用一个内反馈循环，因为这不仅能将开环不稳定或集成流程转换为开环稳定进程，也保证了更适合杆位置。 若要更好地阐明这，考虑给予式 2 和一个总厂传递函数的窗体的 PD 控制器The closed-loop transfer function for the inner loop, 在内部的循环的闭环传递函数
with G(s) given by Eq. 3, is获式 3 G(s)，是

provided that n>m+2. The modification in the last two erms of the denominator of Eq. 4, due to the insertion f the PD controller used in the feedback loop, is clear. 提供该 n > m + 2。 由于到使用反馈及时插入 f 规划署控制器的式 4，分母的最后两个条款的修改是清晰
Let us assume that the coefficients a0 and a1 take suitable alues to make the plant transfer function given in Eq. 3 unstable, integrating or a resonant plant transfer让我们假定您与系数 a0 a1 采取适当 alues 进行传递函数方程 3 不稳定，集成中给出的植物或共振的植物传输
function. The PD controller used in the inner feedback loop can be used to convert it to an open-loop stable plant transfer function for the PI controller used in the函数。 内反馈循环中使用的 PD 控制器可用来将其转换为一个开环稳定植物传递函数中使用的 PI 控制器，
forward loop, which can then be used for a more satisfactory closed-loop performance. Another point, which should be pointed out, is that the use of the PI-PD controller gives more flexibility than a PID-P controller to locate the poles of open-loop plant transfer function Gil(s) in more desired locations, with the simultaneous转发，然后可用于更令人满意的闭环性能的循环。 应该指出，另一点是 PI-PD 控制器的使用提供更大的灵活性，比在更多所需的位置，同时与找到的开环植物传递函数 Gil(s) 杆将-P PID 控制器
use of Kf and Td rather than a gain-only parameter Kf. 使用的 Kf 和 Td 而不是只增益参数 Kf
呵呵，在线翻译的。

Answer 2

PID控制器主要适用于基本线性和动态特性不随时间变化的系统。
PID 控制器是一个在工业控制应用中常见的反馈回路部件。这个控制器把收集到的数据和一个参考值进行比较，然后把这个差别用于计算新的输入值，这个新的输入值的目的是可以让系统的数据达到或者保持在参考值。
PID温控仪就是根据设定值和测量值之间的差值，依据仪表里面的PID算法，来调节输出的大小，来驱动变频器或者调节触发器等元件，实现控温的~