Question

拜托了。英译汉

e history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. The 12 days of Christmas, the bright fires, the yule log, the giving of gifts, carnivals(parades) with floats, carolers who sing while going from house to house, the holiday feasts, and the church processions can all be traced back to the early Mesopotamians.
Many of these traditions began with the Mesopotamian (美索不达米亚) celebration of New Years. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods, and as their chief god - Marduk (马杜克,古代巴比伦人的主神,原为巴比伦的太阳神). Each year as winter arrived it was believed that Marduk would do battle with the monsters of chaos. To assist Marduk in his struggle the Mesopotamians held a festival for the New Year. This was Zagmuk, the New Year's festival that lasted for 12 days.
The Mesopotamian king would return to the temple of Marduk and swear his faithfulness to the god. The traditions called for the king to die at the end of the year and to return with Marduk to battle at his side.
To spare their king, the Mesopotamians used the idea of a "mock" king. A criminal was chosen and dressed in royal clothes. He was given all the respect and privileges of a real king. At the end of the celebration the "mock" king was stripped of the royal clothes and slain, sparing the life of the real king.
The Roman's celebrated their god Saturn. Their festival was called Saturnalia which began the middle of December and ended January 1st. With cries of "Jo Saturnalia!" the celebration would include masquerades (化妆舞会) in the streets, big festive meals, visiting friends and the exchange of good-luck gifts called Strenae (lucky fruits).
"Jo Saturnalia!" was a fun and festive time for the Romans, but the Christians though it an abomination (深恶痛绝) to honor the pagan (异教) god. The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday of their Christ child a solemn and religious holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was the pagan Saturnalia.
But as Christianity spread they were alarmed by the continuing celebration of pagan customs and Saturnalia among their converts. At first the Church forbid this kind of celebration. But it was to no avail (徒劳). Eventually it was decided that the celebration would be tamed and made into a celebration fit for the Christian Son of God.
Some legends claim that the Christian "Christmas" celebration was invented to compete against the pagan celebrations of December. The 25th was not only sacred to the Romans but also the Persians whose religion Mithraism (密特拉教，奉祀密特拉神的宗教，纪元后最初3世纪内传至罗马帝国) was one of Christianity's main rivals at that time. The Church eventually was successful in taking the merriment, lights, and gifts from the Saturanilia festival and bringing them to the celebration of Christmas.

Answer 1

我估计第一句应该是the history ，如果不是请原谅我~下面是翻译
圣诞节的历史可以追溯到4000年前，我们现在的圣诞传统大多在耶稣诞生前就已经存在了。12天的圣诞节，明亮的火焰，好吃的蛋糕，护送礼物，和花车一起狂欢，欢唱的人们挨家挨户，宗教youxing等等这些都可以追溯到早期的美索不达米亚人。
许多传统都开始于美索不达米亚人的新年庆祝。美索不达米亚人信仰神灵，而最主要的是-Marduk (马杜克）,每年冬季到来的时候他们相信这是马杜克将要和来自地狱的怪物作战.为了帮助马杜克战斗,美索不达米亚人将为新年举行一个庆祝活动，这就是 Zagmuk,这个新年庆祝将会持续12天。美索不达米亚人的国王将会来到 马杜克的神庙并发誓对其效忠。按照传统，国王将在每年结束的时候死去，这样他就能回到马杜克身边并与之一起战斗。
为了拯救他们的国王，美索不达米亚人想出了一个方法，那就是伪造一个国王。他们会选择一个罪犯并让他穿上国王的衣服，他会得到真正国王一样的尊敬与特权。在新年庆典结束的时候，他们会脱去这个“国王”的衣服并杀死他，这样就拯救了真正国王的生命.
罗马人是庆祝他们的农业之神-萨特恩（Saturn）.他们的庆祝活动称为农神节（Saturnalia ），在12月中旬开始并在次年1月1号结束。在“乔农神节 （直接音译的话应该是:oh,萨特恩纳尼亚）”的欢呼中，庆典包括了街头化妆舞会，丰盛的庆祝大餐，互相拜访朋友并交换他们称为Strenae的幸运礼物。
“乔农神节’‘对罗马人来说是一个欢乐与庆祝的时刻，但是基督徒们却把他看成令他们深痛恶觉的异教神的荣誉。早期的基督徒们想讲耶稣的诞辰当做庄严的宗教节日，而不是在异教的农神节上欢笑与嬉戏。
但是随着基督教的传播，他们害怕因为这种持续的异教狂欢与农神节会在他们自身中间造成信仰转变。起初，教堂是禁止这类庆祝的，但是并没有什么作用。最后还是决定接受这种庆祝，但是却要将其符合基督是神的儿子这一主题。
有一些说法声称基督教的“圣诞节”是为了与异教在12月的庆典相对抗所创造出来。25日不仅仅对罗马人是神圣的，对信奉当时基督教的主要竞争对手的密特拉教的波斯人来说也是如此。最终，教堂很平常的讨论从农神节中来的嬉戏，火焰与礼物，并且将他们都加到了圣诞节中。

ps：水平有限，不足之处，敬请原谅。
by the way,这是初中的阅读理解吧？

Answer 2

晕啊~~~~游+行竟然是敏+感+词~~~~~~
第一句是A HISTORY~~
圣诞节的历史可以追溯到4000年以前。很多的圣诞传统在耶稣诞生前的几世纪就已经已经用于庆祝了。圣诞节的十二天中，明亮的火焰远、原木蛋糕、送出的礼物、嘉年华和教堂游*行等等活动都可以追溯到美索不达米亚早期。
这些传统有很多起源于美索不达米亚的新年庆，美索不达米亚人相信神，其中有主神马杜克。每年冬天到来的时候，人们认为马杜克会与混乱之怪作战。为了帮助马杜克斗争，美索不达米亚人为新年举办了一个节日。这便是Zagmuk——持续12天的新年庆祝活动。
美索不达米亚国王会到马杜克的庙宇并且宣誓对上帝的忠诚。这个传统要求国王在年底死去，回到马杜克身边协助他战斗。
为了拯救他们的国王,美索不达米亚人用了一个“假”的国王方法。一个罪犯被选出来并且给他穿上皇家礼服。他得到真的国王所享有的一切尊重和特权。在庆祝活动的结尾,“假”的国王被剥去皇家礼服并被杀死,这样就拯救了真正的国王。
罗马人庆祝他们的农业之神。他们的节日被称为农神节，这个节日12月中旬开始, 1月1日结束。在互相庆祝农神节的欢声笑语之中，庆祝活动包括化街边妆舞会，节日大餐、拜访朋友和交换叫Strenae(幸运的水果)的好运的礼物。
农神节对罗马人来说是个有趣节日，但基督徒将它视为荣耀异教上帝的深恶痛绝的事情。早期的基督徒想保持他们的圣诞节为一个庄严、肃穆的节日，而不是一个充满欢乐和嬉戏气氛的异教农神节。
但随著基督教的传布，他们惊恐于在信仰者不断参加有异教风俗和农神节的庆祝。起初，教会禁止这种庆祝活动。但都是徒劳。最终决定庆祝活动以平和一些的形式并且打造成适合基督上帝之子的庆祝形式。（翻得不好~）
总有些传奇声称基督教圣诞节的庆祝活动为了抵制异教的12月庆祝活动的。第25不仅对于罗马人是神圣的，对信奉密特拉教波斯人也是如此，密特拉教那时是基督教的一个主要对手。最终，教会也成功地接受了农神节的欢乐、灯光、礼物，并且把他们借鉴到圣诞节的庆祝中。
结束~~~希望帮到你~~~