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问题描述:
请帮帮忙一下!要有中英文的!谢谢了!
解析:
What is a Computer?
Computers are machines that can be used for performing calculations automatically. They can perform plex and repetitive procedures quickly, precisely and reliably and can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
The physical ponents from which a puter is constructed (electronic circuits and input/output devices) are known as "hardware". Most puters have four types of hardware ponents: input, processor, storage (main memory, auxiliary storage) and output.
Input and output (I/O) devices allow the puter to municate with the user and the outside world. The CPU (central processing unit) executes programs ("sofare") which tell the puter what to do.
The o principal characteristics of a puter are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
Classification of puters
Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows:
• Personal puter: A *** all, single-user puter based on a microprocessor. In addition to the microprocessor, a personal puter has a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for displaying information, and a storage device for saving data.
• Workstation : A powerful, single-user puter. A workstation is like a personal puter, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.
• Miniputer : A multi-user puter capable of supporting from tens to hundreds of users simultaneously.
• Mainframe : A powerful multi-user puter capable of supporting many hundreds to thousands of users simultaneously.
• Superputer : An extremely fast puter that can perform millions of instructions per second.
Generations of Computers
The history of puter development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of puting devices. Each generation of puter is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way puters operate. It resulted in *** aller, cheaper, and more powerful, efficient and reliable devices.
• First Generation- 1940-1956: Vacuum tubes were used and it relied on machine language to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time.
• Second Generation - 1956-1963: Transistors were used and puters moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words.
• Third Generation - 1964-1971: Integrated circuits -Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors. Users interacted through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system.
• Fourth Generation - 1971-Present: Microprocessors -The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of puters, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
• Fifth Generation - Present and Beyond: Artificial intelligence -Computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today
IPSO
Most puters have four types of hardware ponents: input, processor, storage (auxiliary storage) and output. Input and output (I/O) devices allow the puter to municate with the user and the outside world. The CPU (central processing unit) executes programs ("sofare") which tell the puter what to do.
IPSO Cycle
The diagram given explains the operations in the puter. First the data enters the puter through the input device, and then processing occurs at the processing unit. The processing unit is the microprocessor chip. Processing unit prises of the control unit and arithmetic and logical unit and main memory. There are storage devices (auxiliary storage) which store the processed data and data can be retrieved at anytime. The processed data is sent out to the output devices for the user.
Input ----- Processing ------ Storage ----- Output
NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
automatically adv. 自动地
repetitive adj.各自的
retrieve v. 恢复，补救
physical adj.物理的，自然的
auxiliary adj.辅助的，附加的，副的 n.补助物
main memory 主存
auxiliary memory辅存
execute v.执行，实现
prerecord v.事先录音
microprocessor n.微处理器
in addition to adv.除…什么之外
monitor n.显示器
simultaneously adv.同时地
technological adj.科技的
fundamentally adv.基础地，根本地
Vacuum tube 电子管
transistor 晶体管
cryptic adj.秘密的，神秘的
binary adj.二进位的
symbolic adj.象征的，符号的
semiconductor n.半导体
artificial intelligence 人工智能
问题描述:
请帮帮忙一下!要有中英文的!谢谢了!
解析:
What is a Computer?
Computers are machines that can be used for performing calculations automatically. They can perform plex and repetitive procedures quickly, precisely and reliably and can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
The physical ponents from which a puter is constructed (electronic circuits and input/output devices) are known as "hardware". Most puters have four types of hardware ponents: input, processor, storage (main memory, auxiliary storage) and output.
Input and output (I/O) devices allow the puter to municate with the user and the outside world. The CPU (central processing unit) executes programs ("sofare") which tell the puter what to do.
The o principal characteristics of a puter are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
Classification of puters
Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows:
• Personal puter: A *** all, single-user puter based on a microprocessor. In addition to the microprocessor, a personal puter has a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for displaying information, and a storage device for saving data.
• Workstation : A powerful, single-user puter. A workstation is like a personal puter, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.
• Miniputer : A multi-user puter capable of supporting from tens to hundreds of users simultaneously.
• Mainframe : A powerful multi-user puter capable of supporting many hundreds to thousands of users simultaneously.
• Superputer : An extremely fast puter that can perform millions of instructions per second.
Generations of Computers
The history of puter development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of puting devices. Each generation of puter is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way puters operate. It resulted in *** aller, cheaper, and more powerful, efficient and reliable devices.
• First Generation- 1940-1956: Vacuum tubes were used and it relied on machine language to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time.
• Second Generation - 1956-1963: Transistors were used and puters moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words.
• Third Generation - 1964-1971: Integrated circuits -Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors. Users interacted through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system.
• Fourth Generation - 1971-Present: Microprocessors -The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of puters, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
• Fifth Generation - Present and Beyond: Artificial intelligence -Computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today
IPSO
Most puters have four types of hardware ponents: input, processor, storage (auxiliary storage) and output. Input and output (I/O) devices allow the puter to municate with the user and the outside world. The CPU (central processing unit) executes programs ("sofare") which tell the puter what to do.
IPSO Cycle
The diagram given explains the operations in the puter. First the data enters the puter through the input device, and then processing occurs at the processing unit. The processing unit is the microprocessor chip. Processing unit prises of the control unit and arithmetic and logical unit and main memory. There are storage devices (auxiliary storage) which store the processed data and data can be retrieved at anytime. The processed data is sent out to the output devices for the user.
Input ----- Processing ------ Storage ----- Output
NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
automatically adv. 自动地
repetitive adj.各自的
retrieve v. 恢复，补救
physical adj.物理的，自然的
auxiliary adj.辅助的，附加的，副的 n.补助物
main memory 主存
auxiliary memory辅存
execute v.执行，实现
prerecord v.事先录音
microprocessor n.微处理器
in addition to adv.除…什么之外
monitor n.显示器
simultaneously adv.同时地
technological adj.科技的
fundamentally adv.基础地，根本地
Vacuum tube 电子管
transistor 晶体管
cryptic adj.秘密的，神秘的
binary adj.二进位的
symbolic adj.象征的，符号的
semiconductor n.半导体
artificial intelligence 人工智能
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