新概念英语第一册Lesson133~138语法及单词解析
新概念英语第一册Lesson133~134语法及单词解析
语法 Grammar in use
需改变时态的间接陈述句
间接引语里常要改变时态，这是因为原来讲的话与转述这些话之间有一段间隔。选择哪种恰当的形式取决于转述者的着眼点。在间接引语里通常并不确切地重复 讲话者说过的话。转述通常发生在过去，所以引述动词通常是过去时。因此，转述时从句的时态通常要“往回移”(back shift)。一条普遍的规则是：现在时变为过去时，过去时变为过去完成时。为过去时的情态助动词和过去完成时在转述时不变，因为不可能再往回移了。
使用间接引语主要是为了简洁、紧凑地把说话内容转述给第3者。请看下面直接引语变成间接引语时在时态等方面必须作出的相应变化：
(1)一般现在时改为一般过去时：
‘I'm thirsty,’she said.
“我渴了”她说。
She said (that) she was thirsty.
她说她渴了。
(2)现在进行时改为过去进行时：
‘I'm having a rest,’ she told them.
“我正在休息”她告诉他们。
She told them (that) she was having a rest.
她告诉他们说她当时正在休息。
(3)现在完成时改成过去完成时：
‘I've just made a new film,’ she told me.
“我刚完成一部新电影”她告诉我。
She told me(that) she had just made a new film.
她告诉我说她刚完成一部新影片。
(4)一般将来时改成过去将来时(一般用would +动词原形)：
‘I'll have to ask my husband,’she said.
“我得问问我丈夫”她说。
She said (that) she would have to ask her husband.
她说她将得去问问她丈夫。
(5)情态动词由现在时改成过去时或条件时态：
‘I can see you tomorrow,’she said.
“我明天可以见你”她说。
She said (that) she could see me the next day.
她说她下一天可以见我。
‘I'll help you,’she said.
“我将帮助你”她说。
She said (that) she would help me.
她说她将帮助我。
‘I may return at six o'clock,’ she told me.
“我可能6点钟回来”她告诉我。
She told me (that) she might return at six o'clock.
她告诉我说她可能6点钟回来。
(6)为过去时或条件时态的情态助动词不变：
‘I could see you tomorrow,’she said.
“我明天可能会见你”她说。
She said (that) she could see me the next day.
她说她第2天会见我。
‘I would complain if I were you,’she told me.
“如果我是你的话，我会抱怨”她告诉我。
She told me (that) she would complain if she were me.
她告诉我说，如果她是我的话她就会抱怨的。
词汇学习 Word study
1.wonder v.
(1)感到好奇;想要知道：
I wonder why he hasn't come.
我很想知道他为什么没来。
I was wondering if I could borrow your bicycle.
我在想是否能借用你的自行车。
(2)感到惊讶(或诧异)：
She wonders at his rudeness.
她对他的无礼感到惊讶。
I shouldn't wonder if she is elected.
如果她当选，我不会感到惊奇。
2.sensational adj.
(1)令人兴奋的;轰动性的：
The discovery was sensational.
那个发现引起了轰动。
(2)<贬>耸人听闻的;企图追求轰动效应的：
The sensational news report didn't have much effect on them.
那起耸人听闻的新闻报导对他们并无多大影响。
(3)<口>非常好;给人深刻印象的：
She looks sensational in that dress!
她穿那条裙子的样子真令人难忘!
新概念英语第一册Lesson135~136语法及单词解析
语法 Grammar in use
1.let的用法
let与一般动词不同，它用于动词+宾语+动词原形结构，即let后面可接名词或代词，再接不带to的动词不定式。其意思为“允许”、“让”。请看例句：
She lets her son play in the garden.
她让她的儿子在花园里玩。
Her parents wouldn't let her go out with that boy.
她的父母不允许她与那个男孩子一起出去。
Just let me try!
就让我试试吧!
They didn't let the guests smoke in the lobby.
他们不允许客人们在大厅吸烟。
2.间接引语中情态助动词由现在时如何变为过去时
(参见第133-134课_Sensational news语法部分。)
‘I can understand English,’she told me.
“我懂英语”她告诉我。
She told me she could understand English.
她告诉我说她懂英语。
‘I can't afford a new car,’she said to me.
“我买不起一辆新车”她告诉我。
She told me she couldn't afford a new car.
她告诉我说她买不起新车。
‘It will rain tomorrow,’ she told we.
“明天会下雨”她告诉我。
She told me it would rain tomorrow.
她告诉我说明天下雨。
‘George won't travel by air, ’he said.
“乔治将不乘飞机旅行”他说。
He said George wouldn't travel by air.
他说乔治将不乘飞机旅行。
‘I may go to the cinema this evening,’he said.
“我可能今晚去看电影”他说。
He said he might go to the cinema this evening.
他说他可能今晚去看电影。
‘I may not retire,’he said.
“我可能不退休”他说。
He said he might not retire.
他说他可能不退休。
词汇学习 Word study
1.introduce v.
(1)介绍;引导：
He was introduced to Mrs. Black at that party.
在那个聚会上，他被介绍跟布莱克太太相识了。
May I introduce my future husband to you?
让我介绍你跟我的未婚夫认识好吗?
(2)引进;推行：
Panda has been introduced into Japan from China.
大熊猫由中国引入日本。
Economic reforms have been introduced in China.
中国推行了经济方面的改革。
(3)引领;(初次)提出：
The guest was introduced into a room upstairs.
客人被领进了楼上的一个房间。
He introduced a new topic for our discussion.
他提出了一个新的议题供我们讨论。
2.really adv.
(1)真正地;确实地：
Are you really going to retire?
你真的准备退休吗?
He wants to know what really happened.
他想知道事实的真相。
(2)<用以加强语气>实在;其实：
I really don't mind.
我真的不介意。
You don't really expect him to believe that, do you?
你其实并不指望他相信那一点，对吗?
(3)<表示疑问、惊讶、恼怒等>真的;是吗;真是的：
It is said that she's going to retire.
听说她要退休了。
Really?
真的吗?
Oh really! It's terrible for him.
喔，真是的!这对他来说太可怕了。
新概念英语第一册Lesson137~138语法及单词解析
语法 Grammar in use
第1类条件句
如果我们认为将来的事件是可能发生的，就可用第1类条件句去描述将会发生什么事或不会发生什么事。其基本结构是：If + 一般现在时+将来时(或情态助动词)，如：
If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the seaside.
如果明天下雨，我们就不去海边。
if从句中的现在时表示需具备的条件，主句中的shall/will将来时表示可能的结果。具备的条件是真实的，可能真的下雨。
如果是这样，它就会有真实的结果。这就是为什么这样的陈述句常被称为“开放”条件句或“真实”条件句的原因。事实上，在第1类条件句中，一切现在时态都能用在if之后，而不仅仅是一般现在时。请看例句：
If he falls ,he'll hurt himself.
如果他摔倒了，他会伤着自己的。
If you don't hurry ,we'll miss the train.
你要是不赶紧点儿，我们就会误了火车。
If you feel better, you can get up.
你要是感觉好些了的话，你就能起床了。
If I am better tomorrow, I will get up.
如果我明天感觉好些了，我就起床下地。
If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin.
我要是头疼的话就会服用一片阿司匹林。
If I can afford it, I will buy it.
要是我买得起的话我就会买它。
词汇学习 Word study
1.depend v.(on)
(1)视……而定;取决于：
It depends on whether they win or not.
这取决于他们是否能赢。
(2)依靠;依赖：
The country depends heavily on its export of farming products.
这个国家在很大程度上依赖于其农产品的出口。
They depended on us for help.
他们依靠的是我们的帮助。
(3)信赖;相信：
We can depend on the accuracy of the test.
我们可以相信测试的准确性。
You can depend on John----he is an honest man.
你可以信赖约翰——他是一个诚实的人。
2.win v.
(1)赢(如比赛或奖项);获胜：
Which team won?
哪一队获胜了?
He felt very excited to have won the gold medal.
赢得了金牌，他感到非常兴奋。
(2)(经过努力等)赢得;取得;成功：
Do you think he will win the election?
你认为他竞选会成功吗?
He had been applying for a scholarship and he won at last.
他一直在申请奖学金并终于获得了。
