Question

八上英语新目标Unit12教与学上的重难点的语法

Answer 1

一. 学习目标：
1. 学习一些单音节形容词，多音节形容词和特殊形容词的比较级和最高级形式；
2. 学习进行简单的比较，并表达自己的好恶；

二. 语言结构：
1. 用-est，the most表示最高级。
2. 不规则的形容词的比较级和最高级形式good, better, the best; bad, worse, the worst

三. 重点单词：
comfortable adj. 舒适的；安逸的
seat n. 座位
screen n. 屏；幕；荧光屏
close adj. 近的；接近的
close to 靠近；接近
quality n. 品质；特质
theater n. 剧院；戏院
cinema n. 电影院
jeans n. （pl.）牛仔裤
trendy adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的
funky adj. （俚）时髦的；极好的
radio n. 无线电；无线电广播
radio station 无线电台
FM abbr. （＝Frequency Modulation）调频
AM abbr. （= Amplitude Modulation）调幅
teen n. （= teenager）（13－19岁的）青少年
bargain n. 特价商品；便宜货
delight n. 欣喜；高兴；愉快
by bus 乘坐公共汽车
positive adj. 积极的；建设性的；肯定的
negative adj. 消极的；否定的
dull adj. 乏味的；无聊的；单调的
performer n. 演员；演出者；演奏者
success n. 成功
without prep. 无；没有；缺少
province n. 省；地方
still adv. 还是；还；仍然
enough adj. 充足的；充分的
distance n. 距离；路程
farthest adj. & adv. （far的最高级）最远的（地）

四. 重点句子：
1. Town Cinema is the cheapest.
2. It has the friendliest service.
3. Movie Palace has the most comfortable seats.
4. Jason’s and Trendy Teens are good stores.
5. Trendy Teens has better service.
6. Jason’s has the best quality clothing.
7. Oldies 102.1 FM is pretty bad.
8. It’s worse than All Talk 970 AM.
9. It has the worst music.

五. 重点语法（形容词最高级）
1. 形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化：
构词法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般加er或est tall
young taller
younger tallest
youngest
以e结尾只加r或st nice
large nicer
larger nicest
largest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写该字母，再加er, est big
fat
hot bigger
fatter
hotter biggest
fattest
hottest

2. 形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化：
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
well better best
bad worse worst
badly worse worst
many more most
much more most
little less least
far farther
further farthest
furthest
old older
elder oldest
eldest

3. 基本用法
（1）形容词比较级用于两者（人或物）之间的比较表示其中一个“更……”或“较……”，常用连词than连接另一个所比较的人或物。如：Our classroom is bigger than theirs.
我们的教室比他们的更大。
（2）形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较。表示其中一个在某一方面超过其他几个，其前用冠词the，后面带有in或of的短语说明比较。如：
He is the tallest in our class.
他是我们班上最高的一个。
4. 应注意的几个问题：
（1）表示“越来越……”用“比较级＋and＋比较级”，如：It is getting colder and colder.
天气变得越来越冷。
（2）比较级常用的修饰词有：a little, a bit, much, even, a lot 等。如：The boy is much taller than that one. 这男孩比那男孩高得多。
（3）表示“……中最……的一个”用“one of the ＋最高级＋复数名词”。如：The river is one of the longest rivers in our coutry. 这条河是我国最长河流之一。
（4）“The +比较级……the＋比较级……”表示“越……越……”。如：The more, the better. 越多越好。
（5）“the＋序数词＋最高级”表示“第几个最……”。如：The Yellow River is the second river in China.
黄河是我国第二长河。
（6）表示某事物之间在某一方面一样或不一样时，可以用as…as或not so （as）…as结构。如：
He is as busy as before.
他还是象以前那样忙。
My handwriting is not so good as yours.
我的书法不如你的好。
5. 参考练习：
（1）This stamp is ______ in my collection.
A. the elder B. the old C. the eldest D. the oldest
（2）The Summer Palace is _________ than Zhong Shan Park.
A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger
（3）Which is ________, Lesson Five or Lesson Nine?
A. interesting B. more interesting
C. most interesting D. the most interesting
（4）I think the movie “Titanic”is ________ one of all the movies.
A. the best B. best C. better D. a good
（5）The weather is _________ today than yesterday.
A. bad B. worse C. badder D. badly
答案：（1）D（2）D（3）B（4）A（5）B

六. 课文解析：
What do young people think about places in town? We did a survey of our readers and this is what we learned. All the movie theaters are good, but the Screen City is the best in our town. It has the biggest screens and the most comfortable seats. However, Town Cinema is the cheapest, and it has the friendliest service. The most popular clothing store is Jason’s. It has the best quality clothing. It’s also the cheapest. Funky Fashions is the worst. It has really bad service. As for radio stations, most people think that Jazz 107.9 FM is really great. It plays the most interesting music.
1. think about 表示“考虑”，“对…有某种看法”
eg: We have many things to think about.
They’re thinking about buying a new car.
What do you think about the film?
2. We did a survey of our readers and this is what we learned.
我们在读者中作了一个调查，以下是我们所得到的信息。
句中“what we learned”是“this is”的表语，是一个表语从句。
3. clothing 表示“衣服”，是衣服，服装的总称，只有单数形式，作主语时，谓语用单数形式。
eg: a factory that make children’s clothing.
Our clothing protects us from the cold.
它的同义词有： clothes, cloth.
clothes统指各种衣服，包括外套、西装、衬衣、裙、鞋等，不指单件衣服，它既不能用作单数，也不能和表示具体数目的数词连用，不能说，a clothes, six clothes，做主语时，谓语用复数形式。
eg: He had to buy many clothes.
These clothes are new.
All of her clothes were made by her mother.
cloth 指做衣服用的材料（布料，毛料，丝绸等），它是物质名词，不可数，没有复数形式。
eg: a piece of cloth “一块布料”
eg: How much cloth does it take to make a coat for the child?

七. 重难点解析：
1. close 的用法
（1）作动词，表示“关闭”，指关闭门，窗或闭合眼睛等。
turn off 也有“关闭”的意思，但指通过电键，开关或龙头来关闭电灯，电视，收音机，自来水和煤气等。
（2）作形容词，表示“近的”，“靠近的”
a cloth friend.
close to school.
Close the door, please.
2. success 是名词，表示“成功”“好结果”“及格”
eg: He met with success in his business.
I wish you success.
successful 是形容词，意思是“成功的”“顺利的”
a successful test.
They were successful in finding the way to go back home.
successfully 是副词，“成功地”，“顺利地”
He won the prize successfully in the speaking competition.
3. without 是介词，意思是“无”，“没有”，后面接名词、代词、动名词做宾语。
eg: We couldn’t finish the work without him.
He worked for 12 hours without stopping.
Can I take this book away without permission.

Answer 2

1. 用-est，the most表示最高级。
2. 不规则的形容词的比较级和最高级形式good, better, the best; bad, worse, the worst
形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化：
构词法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般加er或est tall
young taller
younger tallest
youngest
以e结尾只加r或st nice
large nicer
larger nicest
largest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写该字母，再加er, est big
fat
hot bigger
fatter
hotter biggest
fattest
hottest